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Transaminases require the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate, which is converted into pyridoxamine in the first half-reaction, when an amino acid is converted into a keto acid. Enzyme-bound pyridoxamine in turn reacts with pyruvate , oxaloacetate , or alpha-ketoglutarate , giving alanine , aspartic acid , or glutamic acid , respectively.
The two transaminases commonly measured are alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST). [1] These levels previously were called serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT). Elevated levels are sensitive for liver injury, meaning that they are likely to be present if there is ...
Transamination in biochemistry is accomplished by enzymes called transaminases or aminotransferases. α-ketoglutarate acts as the predominant amino-group acceptor and produces glutamate as the new amino acid. Aminoacid + α-ketoglutarate ↔ α-keto acid + glutamate
Aspartate transaminase, as with all transaminases, operates via dual substrate recognition; that is, it is able to recognize and selectively bind two amino acids (Asp and Glu) with different side-chains. [16] In either case, the transaminase reaction consists of two similar half-reactions that constitute what is referred to as a ping-pong mechanism
The liver transaminases aspartate transaminase (AST or SGOT) and alanine transaminase (ALT or SGPT) are useful biomarkers of liver injury in a patient with some degree of intact liver function. [2] [3] [4] Most liver diseases cause only mild symptoms initially, but these diseases must be detected early. Hepatic (liver) involvement in some ...
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In enzymology, 4-aminobutyrate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.19), also called GABA transaminase or 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, or GABA-T, is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:
In enzymology, a leucine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-leucine and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate and L-glutamate.