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The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [2] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [3] The disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas and through the air.
The first plague vaccine was developed by bacteriologist Waldemar Haffkine in 1897. [3] [4] He tested the vaccine on himself to prove that the vaccine was safe.[4] [5] Later, Haffkine conducted a massive inoculation program in British India, and it is estimated that 26 million doses of Haffkine's anti-plague vaccine were sent out from Bombay between 1897 and 1925, reducing the plague mortality ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 December 2024. Disease caused by Yersinia pestis bacterium This article is about the disease caused by Yersinia pestis. For other uses, see Plague. Medical condition Plague Yersinia pestis seen at 200× magnification with a fluorescent label. Specialty Infectious disease Symptoms Fever, weakness ...
Theories of the Black Death are a variety of explanations that have been advanced to explain the nature and transmission of the Black Death (1347–51). A number of epidemiologists from the 1980s to the 2000s challenged the traditional view that the Black Death was caused by plague based on the type and spread of the disease.
Mortality from bubonic plague today is between 1% and 10%, whereas septicemic plague may have mortality as high as 50% — and if untreated, it's over 90%. Fleas can spread other diseases too
An 1831 color lithograph by Robert Seymour depicts cholera as a robed, skeletal creature emanating a deadly black cloud.. The miasma theory (also called the miasmic theory) is an abandoned medical theory that held that diseases—such as cholera, chlamydia, or the Black Death—were caused by a miasma (μίασμα, Ancient Greek for 'pollution'), a noxious form of "bad air", also known as ...
While the treatments have changed, the carriers haven't; most of the plague carriers are rodents and other smaller woodland mammals. Squirrels, chipmunks, rats, cats and prairie dogs all can carry ...
Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines at FamilyDoctor.org, maintained by the American Academy of Family Physicians. Contains extensive information on over-the-counter drugs and their responsible use, including specific guidance on several drug classes in question-and-answer format and information on common drug interactions.