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An electrolytic process is the use of electrolysis industrially to refine metals or compounds at a high purity and low cost. Some examples are the Hall-Héroult process [1] used for aluminium, or the production of hydrogen from water. Electrolysis is usually done in bulk using hundreds of sheets of metal connected to an electric power source.
The Castner–Kellner process is a method of electrolysis on an aqueous alkali chloride solution (usually sodium chloride solution) to produce the corresponding alkali hydroxide, [1] invented by American Hamilton Castner and Austrian Carl Kellner in the 1890s. [2][3] It is a type of chloralkali process, but in this role it is gradually being ...
A process for electrochemical production of titanium through the reduction of titanium oxide in a calcium chloride solution was first described in a 1904 German patent, [1] [2] [3] and in 1954 U.S. patent 2845386A was awarded to Carl Marcus Olson for the production of metals like titanium by reduction of the metal oxide by a molten salt reducing agent in a specific gravity apparatus.
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, also known as CO2RR, is the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO 2) to more reduced chemical species using electrical energy. It represents one potential step in the broad scheme of carbon capture and utilization.
Electrons flow in the external circuit. An electrochemical cell is a device that generates electrical energy from chemical reactions. Electrical energy can also be applied to these cells to cause chemical reactions to occur. [1] Electrochemical cells that generate an electric current are called voltaic or galvanic cells and those that generate ...
Hall–Héroult process. The Hall–Héroult process is the major industrial process for smelting aluminium. It involves dissolving aluminium oxide (alumina) (obtained most often from bauxite, aluminium 's chief ore, through the Bayer process) in molten cryolite and electrolyzing the molten salt bath, typically in a purpose-built cell.
Diagram of a downs cell electrolyzing molten NaCl into chlorine gas and sodium metal. Downs' process is an electrochemical method for the commercial preparation of metallic sodium, in which molten NaCl is electrolyzed in a special apparatus called the Downs cell. The Downs cell was invented in 1923 (patented: 1924) by the American chemist James ...
For Faraday's first law, M, F, v are constants; thus, the larger the value of Q, the larger m will be. For Faraday's second law, Q, F, v are constants; thus, the larger the value of (equivalent weight), the larger m will be. In the simple case of constant- current electrolysis, Q = It, leading to. and then to. where: t is the total time the ...
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