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The history of the Irish language begins with the period from the arrival of speakers of Celtic languages in Ireland to Ireland's earliest known form of Irish, Primitive Irish, which is found in Ogham inscriptions dating from the 3rd or 4th century AD. [1] After the conversion to Christianity in the 5th century, Old Irish begins to appear as ...
Irish (Standard Irish: Gaeilge), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic (/ ˈɡeɪlɪk / GAY-lik), [3][4][5][6][7][8] is a Goidelic language of the Insular Celtic branch of the Celtic language group, which is a part of the Indo-European language family. [7][4][9][10][6] Irish is indigenous to the island of Ireland [11] and was the majority ...
Old Irish, also called Old Gaelic[1][2][3] (Old Irish: Goídelc, Ogham script: ᚌᚑᚔᚇᚓᚂᚉ; Irish: Sean-Ghaeilge; Scottish Gaelic: Seann-Ghàidhlig; Manx: Shenn Yernish or Shenn Ghaelg), is the oldest form of the Goidelic/Gaelic language for which there are extensive written texts. It was used from c. 600 to c. 900.
Primitive Irish or Archaic Irish[1] (Irish: Gaeilge Ársa, Gaeilge Chianach), also called Proto-Goidelic, [2][3][4][5] is the oldest known form of the Goidelic languages, and the ancestor of all languages within this family. This phase of the language is known only from fragments, mostly personal names, inscribed on stone in the Ogham alphabet ...
The 2016 census showed that inhabitants of the officially designated Gaeltacht regions of Ireland numbered 96,090 people, down from 96,628 in the 2011 census. Of these, 66.3% said that they speak Irish, down from 68.5% in 2011; and only 21.4% or 20,586 people said they spoke Irish daily outside the education system. [12]
Irish orthography is the set of conventions used to write Irish. A spelling reform in the mid-20th century led to An Caighdeán Oifigiúil, the modern standard written form used by the Government of Ireland, which regulates both spelling and grammar. [1] The reform removed inter-dialectal silent letters, simplified some letter sequences, and ...
Title page of Die araner mundart. Ein beitrag zur erforschung des westirischen ('The Aran dialect. A contribution to the study of West Irish') ().Until the end of the 19th century, linguistic discussions of Irish focused either on the traditional grammar (issues like the inflection of nouns, verbs and adjectives) or on the historical development of sounds from Proto-Indo-European through Proto ...
Middle Irish, also called Middle Gaelic[1] (Irish: An Mheán-Ghaeilge, Scottish Gaelic: Meadhan-Ghàidhlig), [2] is the Goidelic language which was spoken in Ireland, most of Scotland and the Isle of Man from c. 900–1200 AD; it is therefore a contemporary of late Old English and early Middle English. [3][4] The modern Goidelic languages ...