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Specific acoustic impedance z is an intensive property of a particular medium (e.g., the z of air or water can be specified); on the other hand, acoustic impedance Z is an extensive property of a particular medium and geometry (e.g., the Z of a particular duct filled with air can be specified). [citation needed]
The rayl is also used for the characteristic (acoustic) impedance of a medium, which is an inherent property of a medium: [6] = Here, is the characteristic impedance, and and are the density and speed of sound in the unperturbed medium (i.e. when there are no sound waves travelling in it).
The acoustic impedance mismatch between water and the bottom is generally much less than at the surface and is more complex. It depends on the bottom material types and depth of the layers. Theories have been developed for predicting the sound propagation in the bottom in this case, for example by Biot [13] and by Buckingham. [14]
Acoustic impedance, denoted Z and measured in Pa·m −3 ·s in SI units, is defined by [2] = ^ ^ (), where ^ is the Laplace transform of sound pressure, [citation needed] ^ is the Laplace transform of sound volume flow rate.
Sound power or acoustic power is the rate at which sound energy is emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. [1] It is defined [2] as "through a surface, the product of the sound pressure, and the component of the particle velocity, at a point on the surface in the direction normal to the surface, integrated over that surface."
Characteristic acoustic impedance – Opposition that a system presents to an acoustic pressure; Iterative impedance, characteristic impedance is a limiting case of this; Maxwell's equations – Equations describing classical electromagnetism
An acoustic horn or waveguide is a tapered sound guide designed to provide an acoustic impedance match between a sound source and free air. This has the effect of maximizing the efficiency with which sound waves from the particular source are transferred to the air. Conversely, a horn can be used at the receiving end to optimize the transfer of ...
Gasses and liquids generally exhibit less hysteresis than solid materials (e.g., sound waves cause adiabatic compression and rarefaction) and behave in a, mostly, Newtonian way. Combined, the resistive and reactive properties of an acoustic medium form the acoustic impedance. The behaviour of sound waves encountering a different medium is ...