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United States vehicle emission standards are set through a combination of legislative mandates enacted by Congress through Clean Air Act (CAA) amendments from 1970 onwards, and executive regulations managed nationally by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and more recently along with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).
It uses tiers to identify emission standards for cars, trucks and other motor vehicles. [8] In 2014, the EPA published its "Tier 3" standards for these vehicles, which tightened air pollution emission requirements and lowered the sulfur content in gasoline. [9] EPA has separate regulations for small engines, such as groundskeeping equipment.
2 pollutant concentration monitor and a volumetric flow monitor. For NO x, both a NO x pollutant concentration monitor and a diluent gas monitor are used to determine the emissions rate in weight per volume or weight per heat value (for example lbs/million Btu, lbs/ft 3, kg/kWh or kg/m 3). Opacity measurements are sometimes required, depending ...
The European on-board diagnostics (EOBD) regulations are the European equivalent of OBD-II, and apply to all passenger cars of category M1 (with no more than 8 passenger seats and a Gross Vehicle Weight rating of 2,500 kg, 5,500 lb or less) first registered within EU member states since January 1, 2001 for petrol-engined cars and since January ...
[2] [3] In many jurisdictions, the term non-road engine is assumed to refer to the engines that have mobility or portability, which is separated from the term stationary engine. [4] The definition of non-road engine may explicitly exclude certain non-road vehicles such as aircraft , locomotives , and ocean-going marine vessels .
The EPA said that under its final rule, the industry could meet the limits if 56% of new vehicle sales are electric by 2032, along with at least 13% plug-in hybrids or other partially electric ...
Engine manufacturer Cummins Inc. has agreed to pay a $1.675 billion penalty for allegedly installing "defeat devices" on approximately 1 million pickup trucks to cheat emissions tests.
The above standards apply to all new 4-wheeled vehicles sold and registered in the respective regions. In addition, the National Auto Fuel Policy introduces certain emission requirements for interstate buses with routes originating or terminating in Delhi or the other 10 cities. Progress of emission standards for 2-and 3-wheeled vehicles: [14]