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French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.It is based on a combination of phonemic and historical principles. The spelling of words is largely based on the pronunciation of Old French c. 1100 –1200 AD, and has stayed more or less the same since then, despite enormous changes to the pronunciation of the language in the intervening years.
The most common combining characters in the Latin script are the combining diacritical marks (including combining accents). Unicode also contains many precomposed characters , so that in many cases it is possible to use both combining diacritics and precomposed characters, at the user's or application's choice.
The acute (accent aigu) is only used in "é", modifying the "e" to make the sound /e/, as in étoile ("star"). The circumflex (accent circonflexe) generally denotes that an S once followed the vowel in Old French or Latin, as in fête ("party"), the Old French being feste and the Latin being festum. Whether the circumflex modifies the vowel's ...
Some sources distinguish "diacritical marks" (marks upon standard letters in the A–Z 26-letter alphabet) from "special characters" (letters not marked but radically modified from the standard 26-letter alphabet) such as Old English and Icelandic eth (Ð, ð) and thorn (uppercase Þ, lowercase þ), and ligatures such as Latin and Anglo-Saxon Æ (minuscule: æ), and German eszett (ß; final ...
Accent (phonetics), prominence given to a particular syllable in a word, or a word in a phrase Pitch accent, prominence signaled primarily by pitch; Accent (poetry), placement of prominent syllables in scansion; Diacritic, a mark added above, on top of, or below a letter; Fallacy of accent, a logical fallacy related to reification
French phonology is the sound system of French.This article discusses mainly the phonology of all the varieties of Standard French.Notable phonological features include the uvular r present in some accents, nasal vowels, and three processes affecting word-final sounds:
Dumas, Denis (1987), Nos Façons de Parler: les Prononciations en Français Québécois, Sillery, Quebec: Presses de l'Université du Québec, ISBN 2-7605-0445-X; Reinke, Kristin (2005), La langue à la télévision québécoise: aspects sociophonétiques (PDF), Gouvernement du Québec, ISBN 2-550-45542-8
The Letters subheading contains 30 pairs of majuscule and minuscule accented or novel Latin characters for western European languages, and two extra minuscule characters (ß and ÿ) not commonly used as the first letter of words. [5]