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Serum or plasma quetiapine concentrations are usually in the 1–10 mg/L range in overdose survivors, while postmortem blood levels of 10–25 mg/L are generally observed in fatal cases. [64] Non-toxic levels in postmortem blood extend to around 0.8 mg/kg, but toxic levels in postmortem blood can begin at 0.35 mg/kg. [65] [66]
[4] [5] [2] Symptoms in mild cases include high blood pressure and a fast heart rate; usually without a fever. [2] Symptoms in moderate cases include high body temperature, agitation, increased reflexes, tremor, sweating, dilated pupils, and diarrhea. [1] [2] In severe cases, body temperature can increase to greater than 41.1 °C (106.0 °F). [2]
Low blood pressure is treated with vasopressors such as adrenaline. [6] [13] There is tentative clinical evidence and good theoretical evidence of the benefit of lipid emulsion in severe overdoses of CCBs. [14] Methylene blue may also be used for those with low blood pressure that does not respond to other treatments. [10]
There are several known causes of adrenergic storms; in the United States, cocaine overdose is the leading cause. [16] Any stimulant drug has the capacity to cause this syndrome if taken in sufficient doses, but even non-psychotropic drugs can very rarely provoke a reaction. [17]
A diagram explaining factors affecting arterial pressure. Pathophysiology is a study which explains the function of the body as it relates to diseases and conditions. The pathophysiology of hypertension is an area which attempts to explain mechanistically the causes of hypertension, which is a chronic disease characterized by elevation of blood pressure.
Antipsychotics by class Generic name Brand names Chemical class ATC code Typical antipsychotics; Acepromazine: Atravet, Acezine: phenothiazine: N05AA04
“This medication can lower your blood sugar, so you can experience hypoglycemia or low blood sugar,” Alan says. “I have seen some people where their blood sugar drops rapidly,” Dr. Shah says.
When symptoms increase periodically during protracted withdrawal, physiological changes may be present, including dilated pupils as well as an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. [9] The change in symptoms has been proposed to be due to changes in receptor sensitivity for GABA during the process of tolerance reversal. [ 25 ]