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Old Tupi is the only indigenous language with a significant presence in the lexicon of the Portuguese spoken in Brazil, as well as in its toponymy and anthroponymy. It also left a legacy in Brazilian literature , such as the lyrical and theatrical poetry of Joseph of Anchieta and the letters of the Camarão Indians .
The Tupi people, a subdivision of the Tupi-Guarani linguistic families, were one of the largest groups of indigenous peoples in Brazil before its colonization. Scholars believe that while they first settled in the Amazon rainforest, from about 2,900 years ago the Tupi started to migrate southward and gradually occupied the Atlantic coast of Southeast Brazil.
The name Tupinambá was also applied to other Tupi-speaking groups, such as the Tupiniquim, Potiguara, Tupinambá, Temiminó, Caeté, Tabajara, Tamoio, and Tupinaé, among others. [1] Before and during their first contact with the Portuguese , the Tupinambás had been living along the entire Eastern Atlantic coast of Brazil .
Eduardo Navarro was the organizer and main translator of the books Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poems: Portuguese and Tupi poetry), of 1997, and Teatro, of 1999, in which he wrote explanatory notes and modernized the original spelling of the texts, most of which had been written in Old Tupi by José de Anchieta.
Camarão Indians' letters (Portuguese: cartas dos índios Camarões), also known as Tupi letters from Camarão Indians (Portuguese: cartas tupis dos Camarões), [1] are a series of six letters exchanged between Potiguara Indians during 1645, in the first half of the 17th century, in the context of the Dutch invasions of Brazil.
The first part is a simple Portuguese-Tupi vocabulary. It presents only the words and their translations, without explanations or further details. The second part is the actual dictionary. Throughout the book, Navarro chose to update the spelling used in the primary sources. Thus, qu was replaced by k, and ig was spelled as y. [4]
Proto-Tupian (PT) is the reconstructed common ancestor of all the Tupian languages.It consists, therefore, of a hypothetical language, reconstructed by the comparative method from data of the descendant languages.
Tupiniquim (also Tupinã-ki, Topinaquis, Tupinaquis, Tupinanquins; plural: Tupiniquins) are an indigenous people of Brazil of the Tupi family, who now live in three indigenous territories (Terras Indígenas in Portuguese).