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Tooth fusion occurs when at least the dentin of developing tooth germs fuse. When only the cementum (root portion) of teeth is fused, this is known as concrescence. [4] The exact cause of tooth fusion is unknown, but is the result of alterations in embryonic tooth development.
Concrescence is an uncommon developmental condition of teeth where the cementum overlying the roots of at least two teeth fuse together without the involvement of dentin. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Usually, two teeth are involved with the upper second and third molars being most commonly fused together. [ 3 ]
If the double tooth is counted as two teeth, and the number of teeth in the dental arch is normal, the double tooth is likely due to fusion. Radiographic. In tooth gemination, the pulp chambers and root canals tend to be joined, unlike in tooth fusion where they tend to be separate. However, the degree of separation will depend on the stage of ...
Dilaceration is a developmental disturbance in shape of teeth. It refers to an angulation, or a sharp bend or curve, in the root or crown of a formed tooth.This disturbance is more likely to affect the maxillary incisors and occurs in permanent dentition. [1]
The calculator was superseded, in 1982, by the HP-15C.. Although it is argued the HP-41C (introduced late 1979 and only a matter of months after the HP-34C) was a replacement for the HP-34C, they were in fact differentiated as much by price (the HP-34C being 50% that of the HP-41C) as by functionality and performance (the HP-41C being the first HP LCD-based and module-expandable calculator ...
Qalculate! is an arbitrary precision cross-platform software calculator. [9] It supports complex mathematical operations and concepts such as derivation, integration, data plotting, and unit conversion. It is a free and open-source software released under GPL v2.
The calculator uses the proprietary HP Nut processor produced in a bulk CMOS process and featured continuous memory, whereby the contents of memory are preserved while the calculator is turned off. [13] Though commonplace now, this was still notable in the early 1980s, and is the origin of the "C" in the model name.
The natural code rate of the configuration shown is 1/4, however, the inner and/or outer codes may be punctured to achieve higher code rates as needed. For example, an overall code rate of 1/2 may be achieved by puncturing the outer convolutional code to rate 3/4 and the inner convolutional code to rate 2/3.