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  2. Geology of North America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_North_America

    The geology of North America is a subject of regional geology and covers the North American continent, the third-largest in the world. Geologic units and processes are investigated on a large scale to reach a synthesized picture of the geological development of the continent.

  3. Glossary of landforms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_landforms

    Tor – Large, free-standing rock outcrop on a gentle hill summit; Tower karst – Topography from dissolved soluble rocks; Towhead – Exposed landmass within a river; Trim line – Clear line on the side of a valley marking the most recent highest extent of the glacier

  4. File:Geologic Map of Minnesota- Bedrock Geology (2011).pdf

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Geologic_Map_of...

    Minnesota Geological Survey via Minnesota Geologic Topics; select Bedrock Geology, then select Geologic Map of Minnesota's Bedrock Geology: Author: Mark A. Jirsa, Terrence J. Boerboom, V.W. Chandler, John H. Mossler, Anthony C. Runkel, and Dale R. Setterholm: Permission (Reusing this file)

  5. Abrasion (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrasion_(geology)

    Abrasion is the natural scratching of bedrock by a continuous movement of snow or glacier downhill. This is caused by a force, friction, vibration, or internal deformation of the ice, and by sliding over the rocks and sediments at the base (that also causes an avalanche) that causes the glacier to move.

  6. Duluth Complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth_Complex

    Shaded-relief image showing the Duluth Complex arcing from Duluth to Pigeon Point, interrupting and splitting the Mesabi and Gunflint Ranges. The Duluth Complex, the related Beaver Bay Complex, [1] and the associated North Shore Volcanic Group are rock formations which comprise much of the basement bedrock of the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota in central North America.

  7. Petoskey stone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petoskey_stone

    A Petoskey stone is a rock and a fossil, often pebble-shaped, that is composed of a fossilized rugose coral, Hexagonaria percarinata. [1] Such stones were formed as a result of glaciation, in which sheets of ice plucked stones from the bedrock, grinding off their rough edges and depositing them in the northwestern (and some in the northeastern) portion of Michigan's lower peninsula.

  8. Basement (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basement_(geology)

    Basement rock is the thick foundation of ancient, and oldest, metamorphic and igneous rock that forms the crust of continents, often in the form of granite. [2] Basement rock is contrasted to overlying sedimentary rocks which are laid down on top of the basement rocks after the continent was formed, such as sandstone and limestone.

  9. Roxbury Conglomerate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxbury_Conglomerate

    Monument to the 20th Massachusetts Infantry on the Gettysburg Battlefield made of Roxbury Conglomerate. The Roxbury Conglomerate, also informally known as Roxbury puddingstone, is a name for a rock formation that forms the bedrock underlying most of Roxbury, Massachusetts, now part of the city of Boston.