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The Berlin Crisis of 1961 (German: Berlin-Krise) was the last major European political and military incident of the Cold War concerning the status of the German capital city, Berlin, and of post–World War II Germany. The crisis culminated in the city's de facto partition with the East German erection of the Berlin Wall.
East Germany's political and economic system reflected its status as a part of the Eastern Bloc of Soviet-allied Communist countries, with the nation ruled by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) and operating with a command economy for 41 years until 3 October 1990 when East and West Germany were unified with the former being absorbed ...
The political history of East Germany had four periods: [80] 1949–1961, which saw the building of socialism; 1961–1970, after the Berlin Wall closed off escape, was a period of stability and consolidation; 1971–1985 was termed the "Honecker Era", and saw closer ties with West Germany; and 1985–1990 saw the decline and extinction of East ...
However, escapees were never more than a small minority of the total number of emigrants from East Germany. Far more people left the country after being granted official permits, by fleeing through third countries or by being ransomed to the West German government. During the 1980s, only about 1% of those who left East Germany did so by ...
This is a list of wars and war-like conflicts involving the modern Kingdom of Denmark and predecessor states. Danish victory Danish defeat Another result * *e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Denmark, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.
At the same time, a parallel country was established under the control of the Western powers in the zones of post-war Germany occupied by them, culminating in the foundation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949, [22] which initially claimed to be the sole legitimate power in all of Germany, East and West.
Accordingly, before 1961, most of that east–west flow took place between East and West Germany, with over 3.5 million East Germans emigrating to West Germany before 1961. [6] [7] On August 13, 1961, a barbed-wire barrier, which would become the Berlin Wall separating East and West Berlin, was erected by East Germany. [8]
[8] [9] Sometimes they are more generally referred to as "the countries of Eastern Europe under communism", [10] excluding Mongolia, but including Yugoslavia and Albania which had both split with the Soviet Union by the 1960s. [11] Even though Yugoslavia was a socialist country, it was not a member of the Comecon or the Warsaw Pact.