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  2. Sodium hyaluronate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hyaluronate

    It is injected into the joint capsule, to act as both a shock absorber and a lubricant for the joint. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Thus sodium hyaluronate is used as a viscosupplement, administered through a series of injections into the knee , increasing the viscosity of the synovial fluid , which helps lubricate, cushion and reduce pain in the joint. [ 6 ]

  3. Joint injection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_injection

    In osteoarthritis, joint injection of glucocorticoids (such as hydrocortisone) leads to short term pain relief that may last between a few weeks and a few months. [5] Injections of hyaluronic acid have not produced improvement compared to placebo for knee arthritis, [6] [7] but did increase risk of further pain. [6]

  4. Prolotherapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolotherapy

    Prolotherapy involves the injection of an irritant solution into a joint space, [22] weakened ligament, or tendon insertion to relieve pain. [ 7 ] Most commonly, hyperosmolar dextrose (a sugar) is the solution used; [ 23 ] glycerine , [ 20 ] lidocaine (a commonly used local anesthetic ), [ 24 ] phenol , [ 20 ] and sodium morrhuate (a derivative ...

  5. Synovial fluid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_fluid

    Synovial fluid, also called synovia, is a viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints.With its egg white–like consistency, [1] the principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement. [2]

  6. Knee cartilage replacement therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knee_cartilage_replacement...

    Articular cartilage, most notably that which is found in the knee joint, is generally characterized by very low friction, high wear resistance, and poor regenerative qualities. It is responsible for much of the compressive resistance and load bearing qualities of the knee joint and, without it, walking is painful to impossible.

  7. Manipulation under anesthesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipulation_under_anesthesia

    Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) or fibrosis release procedures [1] is a noninvasive procedure to treat chronic pain which has been unmanageable by other methods. MUA is designed not only to relieve pain, but also to break up excessive scar tissue that builds up after orthopedic surgery.

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