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The National Comorbidity Survey: Reinterview (NCS-2) was a follow-up study conducted between 2001 and 2002. The participants in NCS-1 were re-interviewed with the aim to collect information about changes in mental disorders, substance use disorders , and the predictors and consequences of these changes over the ten years between the two surveys.
Substance use, also known as drug use, is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others. The drugs used are often associated with levels of substance intoxication that alter judgment, perception, attention and physical control, not related with ...
This is particularly common with powdered drugs such as cocaine or MDMA which can be mixed with relative ease by adding another white powdery substance to the drug. This cumulative effect can lead to further unintended harm to health dependent on what is being covertly added.
The effect of polysubstance dependence on learning ability is one area of interest to researchers. A study involving 63 polysubstance dependent women and 46 controls (participants who were not using substances) used the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) and the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) to look at visual memory and verbal ability. [7]
Dual diagnosis (also called co-occurring disorders (COD) or dual pathology) [1] [2] is the condition of having a mental illness and a comorbid substance use disorder.There is considerable debate surrounding the appropriateness of using a single category for a heterogeneous group of individuals with complex needs and a varied range of problems.
Polysubstance was used in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-IV 1994) to refer to three or more drugs (including alcohol) to which an individual has become dependent (i.e., meets the diagnostic criteria for substance dependence).
Comorbidity is often referred to as multimorbidity even though the two are considered distinct clinical scenarios. [6] [7] [8] Comorbidity means that one 'index' condition is the focus of attention, and others are viewed in relation to this.
The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse. The drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision. The complete list of Schedule I substances is as follows. [1] The Administrative ...