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Blackboard bold originated from the attempt to write bold symbols on typewriters and blackboards that were legible but distinct, perhaps starting in the late 1950s in France, and then taking hold at the Princeton University mathematics department in the early 1960s.
A blackboard or a chalkboard is a reusable writing surface on which text or drawings are made with sticks of calcium sulphate or calcium carbonate, known, when used for this purpose, as chalk. Blackboards were originally made of smooth, thin sheets of black or dark grey slate stone.
[1] [5] Most of the photographs show the chalkboard in a moment drawn from the mathematician's work on it, [1] depicting how mathematicians think, work, and communicate with each other. [5] Some other photographs show chalk drawings that were deliberately created to be photographed for this book. The mathematicians themselves are not depicted. [1]
where the variables refer to Friedmann–Einstein universe, where is defined in the equations, is the speed of light, is the scale factor, is the radius of the universe (measured in light years) and its maximal value, is the mean density of matter, is time and the age of the universe (last line, measured in years), and is the Einstein's gravitational constant.
Blackboard may also refer to: Black board (Soviet policy), sign used in the Soviet era publicly to chastise farms or factories for such things as failing to meet targets or opposing collectivisation; Blackboard bold, a style of typeface often used for certain symbols in mathematics and physics texts; Blackboard Inc., an e-learning software company
Chalkboard is another term for a blackboard, a board to write on with chalk. Chalkboard may also refer to: Chalkboard (typeface) See also.
Articles should avoid common blackboard abbreviations such as wrt (with respect to), wlog (without loss of generality), and iff (if and only if), as well as quantifier symbols ∀ and ∃ instead of for all and there exists. In addition to compromising the encyclopedic tone, these abbreviations are a form of jargon that may confuse the reader.
Each knowledge source updates the blackboard with a partial solution when its internal constraints match the blackboard state. In this way, the specialists work together to solve the problem. The blackboard model was originally designed as a way to handle complex, ill-defined problems, where the solution is the sum of its parts.