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Common side effects include constipation and nausea. [1] When taken by mouth high blood calcium is uncommon. [1] Calcium supplements, unlike calcium from dietary sources, appear to increase the risk of kidney stones. [1] Adults generally require about a gram of calcium a day. [1] Calcium is particularly important for bones, muscles, and nerves. [1]
Alendronic acid, sold under the brand name Fosamax among others, is a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. [4] It is taken by mouth. [4] Use is often recommended together with vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and lifestyle changes. [4]
It is used to prevent and treat lack of calcium and vitamin D in the elderly, as well for osteoporosis in combination with other medications. [1] [2] In 2022, the combination, calcium/vitamin D was the 246th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions. [3] [4]
For older people with osteoporosis, taking vitamin D with calcium may help prevent hip fractures, but it also slightly increases the risk of stomach and kidney problems. [94] [95] The reduced risk for fractures is not seen in healthier, community-dwelling elderly.
Some older women who take calcium supplements commonly recommended to ward off age-related bone damage may face an increased risk of developing dementia.
Adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D is essential for bone health. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends a daily calcium intake of 1,000 mg for men aged 50-70 and 1,200 mg for women aged 51 and older and men aged 71 and older. For vitamin D, a daily intake of 800-1,000 IU is recommended for adults aged 50 and older. [36]
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