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The cithara is said to have been the invention of Apollo, the god of music. [7] Apollo is often depicted playing a cithara instead of a lyre, often dressed in a kitharode ’s formal robes. Kitharoidos , or Citharoedus , is an epithet given to Apollo, which means "lyre-singer" or "one who sings to the lyre".
The earliest reference to the word "lyre" is the Mycenaean Greek ru-ra-ta-e, meaning "lyrists" and written in the Linear B script. [5] In classical Greek, the word "lyre" could either refer specifically to an amateur instrument, which is a smaller version of the professional cithara and eastern-Aegean barbiton, or "lyre" can refer generally to all three instruments as a family. [6]
Cylix of Apollo with the chelys lyre, on a 5th-century BC drinking cup (). The chelys or chelus (Greek: χέλυς, Latin: testudo, both meaning "turtle" or "tortoise") was a stringed musical instrument, the common lyre of the ancient Greeks, which had a convex back of tortoiseshell or of wood shaped like the shell.
The Anglo-Saxon lyre, also known as the Germanic lyre, a rotta, (Old Norse : Hörpu) [1] or the Viking lyre, is a large plucked and strummed lyre that was played in Anglo-Saxon England, and more widely, in Germanic regions of northwestern Europe. The oldest lyre found in England dates before 450 AD and the most recent dates to the 10th century.
"The Guitar Player" by V.A. Tropinin (1823) The Russian guitar or gypsy guitar is a seven-string acoustic guitar tuned to the open G tuning (DGBDGBD), [5] which arrived or was developed early in the 19th century in Russia, possibly as a development of the cittern, the kobza and the torban.
The cythara is a wide group of stringed instruments of medieval and Renaissance Europe, including not only the lyre and harp but also necked, string instruments. [1] In fact, unless a medieval document gives an indication that it meant a necked instrument, then it likely was referring to a lyre.
According to Strabo, [7] he increased the number of strings in the lyre from four to seven; others take the fragment of Terpander on which Strabo bases his statement to mean that he developed the citharoedic nomos (sung to the accompaniment of the cithara or lyre) by making the divisions of the ode seven instead of four. The seven-stringed lyre ...
Multibass 7-string, 8-string, 9-string, and 10-string 19th century guitars; Cathedralguitar.com, home of the Multi-String Guitar; The Lacôte Harp Guitars by Gregg Miner; Harpguitars.net; The State of the 7-String Guitar in 2006 by Stephen Rekas. Creating the DeCava Ten-String Classical Guitar by James R. DeCava; Sind 6 Saiten genug? by Felix ...