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HPV+OPC presents in one of four ways: as an asymptomatic abnormality in the mouth found by the patient or a health professional such as a dentist; with local symptoms such as pain or infection at the site of the tumor; with difficulties of speech, swallowing, and/or breathing; or as a swelling in the neck (if the cancer has spread to lymph nodes).
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer awareness and prevention is a vital concept from a public and community health perspective. HPV is the sexually transmitted virus that is known to be the cause of genital warts. There are currently more than 100 different strains of HPV, half of which can cause genital infections. [1]
[1] [2] HPV type 16 is the strain most likely to cause cancer and is present in about 47% of all cervical cancers, [22] [23] and in many vaginal and vulvar cancers, [24] penile cancers, anal cancers, and cancers of the head and neck. The table below lists common symptoms of HPV infection and the associated types of HPV.
The research was co-sponsored by the Oral Cancer Foundation. Comparisons were made on treatment effectiveness, with each patient contacted over a five-year period. [22] In 2012, further research was co-funded by the foundation in an attempt to understand etiologic fractions between the HPV virus and
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In HPV-positive disease, these genes are less frequently mutated, and the tumour suppressor gene p53 and pRb (protein retinoblastoma) are commonly inactivated by HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 respectively. [74] In addition, viral infections such as HPV can cause aberrant DNA methylation during cancer development. HPV-positive head and neck cancers ...
Tobacco is the greatest single cause of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Using tobacco increases the risk of oral cancer by 3 to 6 times [19] [9] and is responsible for around 40% of all oral cancers. [20] Smokeless tobacco (including chewing tobacco, snuff, snus) also causes oral cancer. [21] [22] [23] Cigar and pipe smoking are also important risk ...
Oropharyngeal cancer, [1] [2] [3] also known as oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and tonsil cancer, [1] is a disease in which abnormal cells with the potential to both grow locally and spread to other parts of the body are found in the oral cavity, in the tissue of the part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the walls of the pharynx.
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