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Hinduism has been called the "oldest religion" in the world, [a] but scholars regard Hinduism as a relatively recent synthesis [2] [3] [4] of various Indian cultures and traditions, [2] [3] [5] with diverse roots [6] and no single founder, [7] [b] which emerged around the beginning of the Common Era. [8] [c]
Rāja yoga sect of Hinduism: 2nd century BC Jesus (and the Twelve Apostles) Christianity: c. 4 BC – c. 30/33 AD Paul the Apostle: Pauline Christianity: c. 33 AD James the Just: Jewish Christianity: c. 33 AD Lakulisha: Pashupata Shaivism sect of Hinduism: 1st century AD Judah the Prince: Rabbinic Judaism: 2nd century AD Montanus: Montanism ...
Among its direct roots is the historical Vedic religion of Iron Age India and, as such, Hinduism is often called the "oldest living religion" [8] or the "oldest living major religion" in the world. [9] [10] [11] [12]
F. C. Baur (1792–1860), professor of theology at Tübingen in Germany, the first scholar to critique Acts and the Pauline Epistles, and founder of the Tübingen School of theology, argued that Paul, as the "Apostle to the Gentiles", was in violent opposition to the original 12 Apostles. Baur considers the Acts of the Apostles were late and ...
In Indian texts, Hindu dharma ("Hindu religion") was often used to refer to Hinduism. [ 45 ] [ 47 ] Starting in the 17th century, European merchants and colonists adopted "Hindu" (often with the English spelling "Hindoo") to refer to residents of India as a religious community.
[120] [121] The term Hindu, in contemporary parlance, includes people who accept themselves as culturally or ethnically Hindu rather than with a fixed set of religious beliefs within Hinduism. [64] One need not be religious in the minimal sense, states Julius Lipner, to be accepted as Hindu by Hindus, or to describe oneself as Hindu. [122]
Some modern Hindu scholars use the "Vedic religion" synonymously with "Hinduism". [49] According to Sundararajan, Hinduism is also known as the Vedic religion. [ 50 ] Other authors state that the Vedas contain "the fundamental truths about Hindu Dharma" [ note 8 ] which is called "the modern version of the ancient Vedic Dharma" [ 52 ] The Arya ...
South Asia was primarily Hindu in ancient times. Buddhism appeared around 500 BCE. [10]Christianity and Islam made an appearance in Kerala during this time period; Saint Thomas is believed to have travelled to Kerala soon after the death of Jesus and converted some people, [11] while the first mosque to be built in India was built during the Islamic prophet Muhammad's lifetime in Kerala. [12]