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They may induce hallucinogenic effects similar to LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) if eaten. [5] However, based on the reports of exposure they are more likely to resemble hallucinogenic effects of deliriants than the effects of serotonergic psychedelics such as LSD. In 2006, two men who apparently ate the fish experienced hallucinations ...
The species most commonly claimed to be capable of producing this kind of toxicity include several species from the genus Kyphosus, including Kyphosus fuscus, K. cinerascens, and K. vaigiensis. [1] It is unclear whether the toxins are produced by the fish themselves or by marine algae in their diet, but a dietary origin may be more likely.
Oil pollution toxicity to marine fish has been observed from oil spills such as the Exxon Valdez disaster, and from nonpoint sources, such as surface runoff, which is the largest source of oil pollution in marine waters. Crude oil entering waterways from spills or runoff contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the most toxic components ...
Brevetoxins bind to the voltage-gated sodium channel and induce a channel-mediated sodium ion influx. This results in neuroexcitation, membrane depolarization, and spontaneous nerve firing. Brevetoxins are a group of greater than ten lipid-soluble cyclic polyethers that bind to a specific site on the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC ...
Fish oil itself is available as a prescription, but the majority of fish oil products available via prescription are derivatives of fish oil. Such products are described elsewhere in this article. These preparations, with the purpose of treating or preventing medical disorder, are only available with a doctor's prescription.
Early symptoms include intoxication, vomiting and abdominal pain. [1] Later symptoms may include a decreased level of consciousness, headache, and seizures. [1] Long term outcomes may include kidney failure and brain damage. [1] Toxicity and death may occur after drinking even in a small amount [1] as ethylene glycol is more toxic than other diols.
Shellfish poisoning includes four syndromes that share some common features and are primarily associated with bivalve molluscs (such as mussels, clams, oysters and scallops.) [1] As filter feeders, these shellfish may accumulate toxins produced by microscopic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates.
As a result, researchers in the field of toxicology focused on the development of QSAR models as a means of assessing toxic effects of chemicals in fish. [2] In toxicology, the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approach is a method for predicting toxicity based on the properties and structure of a toxicant. [3]