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  2. Cardinal direction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_direction

    The intercardinal (intermediate, or, historically, ordinal [2]) directions are the four intermediate compass directions located halfway between each pair of cardinal directions. Northeast (NE), 45°, halfway between north and east, is the opposite of southwest. Southeast (SE), 135°, halfway between south and east, is the opposite of northwest.

  3. Points of the compass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Points_of_the_compass

    32-point compass rose. The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography.A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each separated by 90 degrees, and secondarily divided by four ordinal (intercardinal) directions—northeast, southeast, southwest, and ...

  4. Direction determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_determination

    Direction determination refers to the ways in which a cardinal direction or compass point can be determined in navigation and wayfinding.The most direct method is using a compass (magnetic compass or gyrocompass), but indirect methods exist, based on the Sun path (unaided or by using a watch or sundial), the stars, and satellite navigation.

  5. Geographical distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_distance

    Geographical distance or geodetic distance is the distance measured along the surface of the Earth, or the shortest arch length. The formulae in this article calculate distances between points which are defined by geographical coordinates in terms of latitude and longitude. This distance is an element in solving the second (inverse) geodetic ...

  6. United States National Grid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Grid

    Equal distance units in both east–west and north–south directions; An intuitive sense of scale and distance, across a local area; Simpler distance calculation (by Pythagorean Theorem, rather than spherical trigonometry)

  7. Heading (navigation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heading_(navigation)

    M: 125° D: +1° C: 126° Therefore, to achieve a true course of 120°, one should follow a compass heading of 126°. True course is 120°, the Variation is 5° East and the Deviation is 1° East. T: 120° V: −5° M: 115° D: −1° C: 114° True course is 035°, the Variation is 4° West and the Deviation is 1° East. T: 035° V: +4° M: 039 ...

  8. Geographic coordinate conversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate...

    Conversion of coordinates and map positions among different map projections reference to the same datum may be accomplished either through direct translation formulas from one projection to another, or by first converting from a projection to an intermediate coordinate system, such as ECEF, then converting from ECEF to projection . The formulas ...

  9. List of extreme points of Iceland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of...

    This is a list of the extreme points of Iceland, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location. Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as: