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The Revolution resulted from multiple long-term and short-term factors, culminating in a social, economic, financial and political crisis in the late 1780s. [3] [4] [5] Combined with resistance to reform by the ruling elite and indecisive policy by Louis XVI and his ministers, the result was a crisis the state was unable to manage. [6] [7]
By the late 1780s, 87% of the sugar, 95% of the coffee, and 76% of the indigo imported to Bordeaux from the Caribbean was being re-exported. [22] Cádiz was the commercial hub for export of French printed fabrics to India, the Americas and the Antilles (coffee, sugar, tobacco, American cotton), and Africa (the slave trade), centered in Nantes. [23]
But events in France made the prospect of return to their former way of life uncertain. In November 1791, France passed a law demanding that all noble émigrés return by January 1, 1792. If they chose to disobey, their lands woul be confiscated and sold, and any later attempt to reenter the country would result in execution. [2] [4]
Étienne Bonnot de Condillac. 25 January – André Levret, obstetrician (born 1703) 12 April – Camille, Prince of Marsan, nobleman and Prince of Lorraine (born 1725) 3 August – Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, philosopher (born 1715) [2]
Allied forces liberated France and the Free French were given the honor of liberating Paris in late August. The French army recruited French Forces of the Interior (de Gaulle's formal name for resistance fighters) to continue the war until the final defeat of Germany; this army numbered 300,000 men by September, and 370,000 by spring 1945.
The Ancien Régime [a] also known as the Old Regime, was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France from the Late Middle Ages (c. 1500) until 1789 and the French Revolution [7] which abolished the feudal system of the French nobility (1790) [8] and hereditary monarchy (1792). [9]
The National Constituent Assembly declared a celebration for 14 July 1790 on the Champ de Mars.By way of prelude to this patriotic fête, on 20 June, the Assembly, at the urging of the popular members of the nobility, abolished all titles, armorial bearings, liveries and orders of knighthood, destroying the symbolic paraphernalia of the ancien régime.
This is a non-diffusing parent category of Category:18th-century French Jews and Category:18th-century French LGBTQ people and Category:18th-century French women The contents of these subcategories can also be found within this category, or in diffusing subcategories of it.