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Rosa × damascena (Latin for damascene rose), more commonly known as the Damask rose, [1] [2] or sometimes as the Iranian Rose, Bulgarian rose, Taif rose & "Emirati rose", Ispahan rose, Castile rose, and Đulbešećerka (Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Balkans) is a rose hybrid, derived from Rosa gallica and Rosa moschata. [3]
Rose oil (rose otto, attar of rose, attar of roses, or rose essence) is an essential oil that is extracted from the petals of various types of rose. Rose ottos are extracted through steam distillation , [ 1 ] while rose absolutes [ 2 ] are obtained through solvent extraction , the absolute being used more commonly in perfumery .
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Damask (/ˈdæməsk/; Arabic: دمشق) is a woven, reversible patterned fabric. Damasks are woven by periodically reversing the action of the warp and weft threads. [ 1 ] The pattern is most commonly created with a warp-faced satin weave and the ground with a weft-faced or sateen weave. [ 2 ]
In Bulgaria, Iran and Germany, damask roses (Rosa × damascena 'Trigintipetala') are used. In other parts of the world Rosa × centifolia is commonly used. The oil is transparent pale yellow or yellow-grey in colour. 'Rose Absolute' is solvent-extracted with hexane and produces a darker oil, dark yellow to orange in colour.
Damask may refer to: A tapestry-woven fabric, see Damask; Damask, Iran, a village in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran; A flower commonly known as the Damask rose or simply as "Damask", see Rosa damascena; A fictional character in the Marvel Comics Universe, see Emma Steed; A fictional character from Star Wars named Hego Damask, alias Darth Plagueis
Rose water is a flavoured water made by steeping rose petals in water. [1] It is the hydrosol portion of the distillate of rose petals, a by-product of the production of rose oil for use in perfume. Rose water is also used to flavour food, as a component in some cosmetic and medical preparations, and for religious purposes throughout Eurasia.
An image of a Damask rose. This aromatic species of rose is used for producing rose concrete to be made into a rose absolute. [3] Rose is one of the most popular natural flowers used in perfumery. A semi-solid residue of essential oils, waxes, resins and other oil-soluble plant chemicals remains. [2]