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Conching is a process used in the manufacture of chocolate whereby a surface scraping mixer and agitator, known as a conche, evenly distributes cocoa butter within chocolate and may act as a "polisher" of the particles. [1] It also promotes flavor development through frictional heat, release of volatiles and acids, and oxidation.
The instructor introduces a topic and asks students to contemplate their opinions about it. (E.g., dating, school dress codes, global warming) The students talk in pairs or small groups, debating their opinions on the topic. Opinion sharing is a great way to get more introverted students to open up and share their opinions.
Inventor of conching Rudolf Lindt (16 July 1855 – 20 February 1909), often known by his francized name Rodolphe Lindt , was a Swiss chocolate maker, chocolatier and inventor. He founded the Lindt brand of Swiss chocolate and invented the conching machine [ 1 ] and other processes to improve the quality of chocolate.
English Speaking Board (International) Ltd. (ESB) was founded in 1953 as a charitable organisation by Christabel Burniston, a pioneer of a new approach to developing speech and listening skills. Breaking away from the traditional ‘ elocution ’ classes and exams of the era, ESB’s approach was to enable individuals to learn and be tested on ...
Dogme language teaching is considered to be both a methodology and a movement. [1] Dogme is a communicative approach to language teaching that encourages teaching without published textbooks and focuses instead on conversational communication among learners and teacher.
In conversation analysis, turn-taking organization describes the sets of practices speakers use to construct and allocate turns. [1] The organization of turn-taking was first explored as a part of conversation analysis by Harvey Sacks with Emanuel Schegloff and Gail Jefferson in the late 1960s/early 1970s, and their model is still generally accepted in the field.
The natural approach is a method of language teaching developed by Stephen Krashen and Tracy Terrell in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The Natural Approach has been used in ESL classes as well as foreign language classes for people of all ages and in various educational settings, from primary schools to universities. [1]
English as a second or foreign language – use or study of English by speakers with different native languages. It is also known as English for speakers of other languages (ESOL), English as an additional language (EAL), and English as a foreign language (EFL). Chinese as a foreign language – study of the varieties of Chinese by non-native ...