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Trịnh is a Vietnamese family name. It exists in equivalent forms in other languages of the Sinosphere such as (鄭,Zheng, Cheng) in Chinese and Korean (Jeong, Chung). [1] Families that bear the surname Trịnh are exclusively Vietnamese. [citation needed] The surname further proliferated following the reign of the Trịnh lords in Tonkin ...
The Trịnh lords (Vietnamese: Chúa Trịnh; Chữ Hán: 主鄭; 1545–1787), formally titled as “Viceroy” of Trịnh (Vietnamese: Trịnh vương ; chữ Hán: 鄭王) also known as the House of Trịnh or the Trịnh clan (Trịnh thị; 鄭氏), were a feudal noble clan that ruled Northern Vietnam—then called Tonkin—during the Later Lê dynasty.
The Trịnh–Nguyễn Civil War (Vietnamese: Trịnh-Nguyễn phân tranh; chữ Hán: 鄭阮紛爭, lit.Trịnh–Nguyễn contention) was a 17th and 18th-century lengthy civil war waged between the two ruling families in Vietnam, the Trịnh lords of Đàng Ngoài and the Nguyễn lords of Đàng Trong, centered in today's Central Vietnam. [1]
Restoration – Conflict between the Trịnh and Nguyễn lords. During this time, emperors of the Lê dynasty only ruled in name, it was the Trịnh Lords in Northern Vietnam and Nguyễn lords in Southern Vietnam who held the real power. Lê Kính Tông (黎敬宗) Thận Đức (慎德) (1600) Hoằng Định (弘定) (1601–1619)
Three years later, in 1623, the Nguyễn formally gained permission for Vietnamese to settle in Prey Nokor, which would later be known as the city of Saigon. In 1673, the Nguyễn concluded a peace with the Trịnh lord Trịnh Tạc, beginning a long era of relative peace between north and south.
Trịnh Doanh (4 December 1720 – 15 February 1767) ruled northern Vietnam from 1740 to 1767 (he ruled with the title Minh Đô Vương). Trịnh Doanh was the third son of Trịnh Cương, and belonged to the line of Trịnh lords who ruled northern Vietnam. His rule was spent putting down rebellions against Trịnh rule.
Trịnh Giang (chữ Hán: 鄭杠; 14 October 1711 – 30 December 1762) ruled northern Vietnam from 1729 to 1740. His title as ruling lord (chua) was Uy Nam Vương. He was one of the Trịnh Lords who ruled Vietnam. He was a bad ruler, being wasteful, inept, and callous.
Trịnh Sam was given rule over northern Vietnam by his father Trịnh Doanh in 1767. Five years after he took power, the Tây Sơn rebellion started in the south. During his lifetime, the Tây Sơn rebels focused all their efforts against the Nguyễn lords, specifically against Nguyễn Phuc Thuan who had gained the throne as a young boy.