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In computer networking, jumbo frames are Ethernet frames with more than 1500 bytes of payload, the limit set by the IEEE 802.3 standard. [1] The payload limit for jumbo frames is variable: while 9000 bytes is the most commonly used limit, smaller and larger limits exist.
As a result, many network architectures limit the number of repeaters used in a network, e.g., the Ethernet 5-4-3 rule. An Ethernet repeater with multiple ports is known as an Ethernet hub. In addition to reconditioning and distributing network signals, a repeater hub assists with collision detection and fault isolation for the network.
The theory here is that frames that are damaged by collisions are often shorter than the minimum valid Ethernet frame size of 64 bytes. With a fragment-free buffer, the first 64 bytes of each frame update the source MAC and port if necessary, provide the destination MAC, and allow forwarding the frame.
This corresponds to a maximum channel utilization of 1526 / (1526 + 12) × 100% = 99.22%, or a maximum channel use of 99.22 Mbit/s inclusive of Ethernet datalink layer protocol overhead in a 100 Mbit/s Ethernet connection. The maximum throughput or channel efficiency is then 1500 / (1526 + 12) = 97.5%, exclusive of the Ethernet protocol overhead.
The 40/100 Gigabit Ethernet standards encompass a number of different Ethernet physical layer (PHY) specifications. A networking device may support different PHY types by means of pluggable modules. Optical modules are not standardized by any official standards body but are in multi-source agreements (MSAs).
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Packet loss occurs when one or more packets of data travelling across a computer network fail to reach their destination. Packet loss is either caused by errors in data transmission, typically across wireless networks, [1] [2] or network congestion. [3]: 36 Packet loss is measured as a percentage of packets lost with respect to packets sent.
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