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2. Prostate biopsy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_biopsy

   Prostate biopsy is a procedure in which small hollow needle-core samples are removed from a man's prostate gland to be examined for the presence of prostate cancer. It is typically performed when the result from a PSA blood test is high. [ 1 ]

3. Prostate cancer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

   A definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer requires a biopsy of the prostate. Prostate biopsies are typically taken by a needle passing through the rectum or perineum, guided by transrectal ultrasonography, MRI, or a combination of the two.

4. Prostate cancer staging - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer_staging

   Prostate cancer staging is the process by which physicians categorize the risk of cancer having spread beyond the prostate, or equivalently, the probability of being cured with local therapies such as surgery or radiation. Once patients are placed in prognostic categories, this information can contribute to the selection of an optimal approach ...

5. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-grade_prostatic...

   In prostate biopsies it is not predictive of prostate cancer in one year if the prostate was well-sampled, i.e. if there were 8 or more cores. [8] The exact timing of repeat biopsies remains an area of controversy, as the time required for, and probability of HGPIN transformations to prostate cancer are not well understood. [citation needed]

6. Perineural invasion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perineural_invasion

   In prostate cancer, PNI in needle biopsies is poor prognosticator; [2] however, in prostatectomy specimens it is unclear whether it carries a worse prognosis. [4]In one study, PNI was found in approximately 90% of radical prostatectomy specimens, and PNI outside of the prostate, especially, was associated with a poorer prognosis. [5]

7. Gleason grading system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleason_grading_system

   The Gleason grading system is used to help evaluate the prognosis of men with prostate cancer using samples from a prostate biopsy. Together with other parameters, it is incorporated into a strategy of prostate cancer staging which predicts prognosis and helps guide therapy. A Gleason score is given to prostate cancer based upon its microscopic ...