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Most Muslims in Turkey are Sunni Muslims forming about 85-90%, [12] and Shia-Aleviler (Alevis, Alawites, and Ja'faris) denominations in total form up to 10% of the Muslim population. [12] [13] Among Shia Muslim presence in Turkey there is a small but considerable minority of Muslims with Ismaili heritage and affiliation. [14]
Islam is the most practiced religion in Turkey. Most Turkish Sunni Muslims belong to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence. The established presence of Islam in the region that now constitutes modern Turkey dates back to the later half of the 11th century, when the Seljuks started expanding into eastern Anatolia. [2]
Distribution of Sunni, Shia and Ibadi branches. Sunni Muslims are the vast majority of Muslims in most Muslim communities in Central Asia (including China), Europe (including Russia and the Balkans), South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, the Arab World, Turkey and among Muslims in the United States.
Of the total Muslim population, 87–90% are Sunni and 10–13% are Shi'a. Most Shi'as (between 68% and 80%) live in mainly four countries: Iran , Azerbaijan , Bahrain , and Iraq . [ 31 ] Furthermore, there are concentrated Shi'a populations in Lebanon , Russia , China , Pakistan , Bangladesh and 10 sub-Saharan African countries. [ 32 ]
Other Sunni scholars, such as Al-Ghazali, likewise considered them as non-Muslims. [171] Benjamin Disraeli, in his novel Tancred, also expressed the view that Alawites are not Shia Muslims. [172] Historically, Twelver Shia scholars (such as Shaykh Tusi) did not consider Alawites as Shia Muslims while condemning their heretical beliefs. [173]
Shia Muslims gathered in prayer at the Shrine of Imam Ḥusayn in Karbala, Iraq. Shia religious practices, such as prayers, differ only slightly from the Sunnīs. While all Muslims pray five times daily, Shia Muslims have the option of combining Dhuhr with Asr and Maghrib with Isha', as there are three distinct times mentioned in the Quran. The ...
Religious views and ideologies of its adherents vary, and they may be Sunni Islamists or Shia Islamists depending upon their beliefs. Islamist groups include groups such as Al-Qaeda , the organizer of the September 11, 2001 attacks and perhaps the most prominent; and the Muslim Brotherhood , the largest and perhaps the oldest.
Turkey is a secular state with no official state religion; the constitution provides for freedom of religion and conscience. [ 424 ] [ 425 ] According to the CIA World Factbook , Muslims constitute 99.8% of the population, most of them being Sunni . [ 5 ]