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  2. Satellite temperature measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_temperature...

    Temperature measurements are also made by GPS radio occultation. [31] This technique measures the refraction of the radio waves transmitted by GPS satellites as they propagate in the Earth's atmosphere, thus allowing vertical temperature and moisture profiles to be measured.

  3. Earth Observing System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Observing_System

    The name Limb refers to the "edge" of Earth's atmosphere. This data collected includes atmospheric gas profiles and atmospheric temperature and pressure. Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) [11] TES is an infrared sensor aboard AURA used to investigate the troposphere of Earth's Atmosphere.

  4. List of Earth observation satellites - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Earth_observation...

    NASA Earth science satellite fleet as of September 2020, planned through 2023. Earth observation satellite missions developed by the ESA as of 2019. Earth observation satellites are Earth-orbiting spacecraft with sensors used to collect imagery and measurements of the surface of the earth. These satellites are used to monitor short-term weather ...

  5. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderate_Resolution...

    The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a satellite-based sensor used for earth and climate measurements. There are two MODIS sensors in Earth orbit: one on board the Terra (EOS AM) satellite, launched by NASA in 1999; and one on board the Aqua (EOS PM) satellite, launched in 2002.

  6. Atmospheric temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_temperature

    Atmospheric temperature is a measure of temperature at different levels of the Earth's atmosphere. It is governed by many factors, including incoming solar radiation , humidity , and altitude . The abbreviation MAAT is often used for Mean Annual Air Temperature of a geographical location.

  7. Atmosphere of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth

    The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. It extends from Earth's surface to an average height of about 12 km (7.5 mi; 39,000 ft), although this altitude varies from about 9 km (5.6 mi; 30,000 ft) at the geographic poles to 17 km (11 mi; 56,000 ft) at the Equator, [17] with some variation due

  8. Meteorological instrumentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorological_instrumentation

    Radar and lidar are not passive because both use electromagnetic radiation to illuminate a specific portion of the atmosphere. [5] Weather satellites along with more general-purpose Earth-observing satellites circling the earth at various altitudes have become an indispensable tool for studying a wide range of phenomena from forest fires to El ...

  9. Microwave radiometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave_radiometer

    Signals at the center of the absorption complex are dominated by the atmosphere closest to the radiometer (when ground-based). Moving into the window region, the signal is a superposition from close and far regions of the atmosphere. The combination of several channels contains therefore information about the vertical temperature distribution.

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