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Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is an important source of fatigue damage of offshore oil exploration drilling, export, production risers, including steel catenary risers (SCRs) and tension leg platform (TLP) tendons or tethers. These slender structures experience both current flow and top-end vessel motions, which both give rise to the flow ...
Lorentz force on a charged particle (of charge q) in motion (velocity v), used as the definition of the E field and B field. Here subscripts e and m are used to differ between electric and magnetic charges .
Fig. 1 The vector field of two-dimensional magnetic skyrmions: a) a hedgehog skyrmion and b) a spiral skyrmion. In physics, magnetic skyrmions (occasionally described as 'vortices,' [1] or 'vortex-like' [2] configurations) are statically stable solitons which have been predicted theoretically [1] [3] [4] and observed experimentally [5] [6] [7] in condensed matter systems.
The magnetic force (qv × B) component of the Lorentz force is responsible for motional electromotive force (or motional EMF), the phenomenon underlying many electrical generators. When a conductor is moved through a magnetic field, the magnetic field exerts opposite forces on electrons and nuclei in the wire, and this creates the EMF.
A vortex tube is the surface in the continuum formed by all vortex lines passing through a given (reducible) closed curve in the continuum. The 'strength' of a vortex tube (also called vortex flux ) [ 11 ] is the integral of the vorticity across a cross-section of the tube, and is the same everywhere along the tube (because vorticity has zero ...
Exact solutions to classical nonlinear magnetic equations include the Landau–Lifshitz equation, the continuum Heisenberg model, the Ishimori equation, and the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Vortex rings are torus-shaped vortices where the axis of rotation is a continuous closed curve. Smoke rings and bubble rings are two well-known examples.
As such, they are often written as E(x, y, z, t) (electric field) and B(x, y, z, t) (magnetic field). If only the electric field (E) is non-zero, and is constant in time, the field is said to be an electrostatic field. Similarly, if only the magnetic field (B) is non-zero and is constant in time, the field is said to be a magnetostatic field.
The circulating supercurrents induce magnetic fields with the total flux equal to a single flux quantum. Therefore, an Abrikosov vortex is often called a fluxon. The magnetic field distribution of a single vortex far from its core can be described by the same equation as in the London's fluxoid [3] [4]