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The Transformers library is a Python package that contains open-source implementations of transformer models for text, image, and audio tasks. It is compatible with the PyTorch , TensorFlow and JAX deep learning libraries and includes implementations of notable models like BERT and GPT-2 . [ 17 ]
For many years, sequence modelling and generation was done by using plain recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A well-cited early example was the Elman network (1990). In theory, the information from one token can propagate arbitrarily far down the sequence, but in practice the vanishing-gradient problem leaves the model's state at the end of a long sentence without precise, extractable ...
T5 (Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer) is a series of large language models developed by Google AI introduced in 2019. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Like the original Transformer model, [ 3 ] T5 models are encoder-decoder Transformers , where the encoder processes the input text, and the decoder generates the output text.
However, the original transformer's decoder is still auto-regressive, which means that decoding still has to be done one token at a time during inference. The transformer model quickly became the dominant choice for machine translation systems [ 2 ] : 44 and was still by far the most-used architecture in the Workshop on Statistical Machine ...
Llama (Large Language Model Meta AI, formerly stylized as LLaMA) is a family of large language models (LLMs) released by Meta AI starting in February 2023. [2] [3] The latest version is Llama 3.3, released in December 2024.
That development led to the emergence of large language models such as BERT (2018) [28] which was a pre-trained transformer (PT) but not designed to be generative (BERT was an "encoder-only" model). Also in 2018, OpenAI published Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training , which introduced GPT-1 , the first in its GPT series.
BigScience Large Open-science Open-access Multilingual Language Model (BLOOM) [1] [2] is a 176-billion-parameter transformer-based autoregressive large language model (LLM). The model, as well as the code base and the data used to train it, are distributed under free licences. [3]
Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) is a language model introduced in October 2018 by researchers at Google. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It learns to represent text as a sequence of vectors using self-supervised learning .