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A discretization is a sequence of cut-points, and the values of pieces between these cut-points (for example: a protocol for two agents might require each agent to report a sequence of three cut-points (0,x,1) where the values of (0,x) and (x,1) are 1/2). [16]
The meaning of the expression should be the solution x of the equation =. But in the ring Z /6 Z , 2 is a zero divisor . This equation has two distinct solutions, x = 1 and x = 4 , so the expression 2 2 {\textstyle {\frac {2}{2}}} is undefined .
Therefore, the solution = is extraneous and not valid, and the original equation has no solution. For this specific example, it could be recognized that (for the value x = − 2 {\displaystyle x=-2} ), the operation of multiplying by ( x − 2 ) ( x + 2 ) {\displaystyle (x-2)(x+2)} would be a multiplication by zero.
If the initial amount p leads to a percent change x, and the second percent change is y, then the final amount is p (1 + 0.01 x)(1 + 0.01 y). To change the above example, after an increase of x = 10 percent and decrease of y = −5 percent , the final amount, $209, is 4.5% more than the initial amount of $200.
In either case the full quartic can then be divided by the factor (x − 1) or (x + 1) respectively yielding a new cubic polynomial, which can be solved to find the quartic's other roots. If a 1 = a 0 k , {\displaystyle \ a_{1}=a_{0}k\ ,} a 2 = 0 {\displaystyle \ a_{2}=0\ } and a 4 = a 3 k , {\displaystyle \ a_{4}=a_{3}k\ ,} then x = − k ...
It is the same concept as volume percent (vol%) except that the latter is expressed with a denominator of 100, e.g., 18%. The volume fraction coincides with the volume concentration in ideal solutions where the volumes of the constituents are additive (the volume of the solution is equal to the sum of the volumes of its ingredients).
Another example is the problem, "given two numbers x and y, does x evenly divide y?" A method for solving a decision problem, given in the form of an algorithm, is called a decision procedure for that problem. A decision procedure for the decision problem "given two numbers x and y, does x evenly divide y?"
For example, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) is a diprotic acid. Since only 0.5 mol of H 2 SO 4 are needed to neutralize 1 mol of OH −, the equivalence factor is: f eq (H 2 SO 4) = 0.5. If the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is c(H 2 SO 4) = 1 mol/L, then its normality is 2 N. It can also be called a "2 normal" solution.