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High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is a type of tumour that arises from the serous epithelial layer in the abdominopelvic cavity and is mainly found in the ovary. HGSCs make up the majority of ovarian cancer cases [ 1 ] and have the lowest survival rates. [ 2 ]
The five-year survival rate for all stages of ovarian cancer is 46%; the one-year survival rate is 72% and the ten-year survival rate is 35%. [132] For cases where a diagnosis is made early in the disease, when the cancer is still confined to the primary site, the five-year survival rate is 92.7%. [133]
Unsurprisingly, 5-year survival decreases as the stage increases. There is a 25% survival rate with a stage III serous carcinoma. Staging: Stage I - Tumour growth limited to ovaries. Stage II - Growth involving one or both ovaries with pelvic extension.
In the older literature survival rates have been given as 35–50% for stage I–II and 0–15% for stage III and IV uterine papillary serous carcinoma, [4] More recently it was reported that forty-two percent of 138 patients were found disease-free at five years. [3]
As with endometrial carcinomas, the prognosis is influenced by the grade and type of the adenocarcinoma, being poorest with serous differentiation. MMMTs are highly malignant; a stage I tumor has an expected five-year survival rate of 50%, while the overall five-year survival rate is less than 20%. [1] Staging of uterine MMMTs is as follows: [3]
The five-year survival rate of borderline tumors and malignant tumors confined to the ovaries are 100% and 70% respectively. If the peritoneum is involved, these rates become 90% and 25%. While the 5-year survival rates of borderline tumors are excellent, this should not be seen as evidence of cure, as recurrences can occur many years later.
Serous cystadenocarcinoma is a serous tumor in the cystadenocarcinoma grouping.. Most commonly, the primary site of serous cystadenocarcinoma is the ovary.Rare occurrence in the pancreas has been reported, although this is not typical, with the majority of microcystic pancreatic masses representing alternate disease processes such as the more benign serous cystadenoma.
Prognosis and treatment is the same as for the most common type of ovarian cancer, which is epithelial ovarian cancer. [6] [7] The median survival of primary peritoneal carcinomas is usually shorter by 2–6 months time when compared with serous ovarian cancer. Studies show median survival varies between 11.3 and 17.8 months. One study reported ...