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An extrinsic semiconductor is one that has been doped; during manufacture of the semiconductor crystal a trace element or chemical called a doping agent has been incorporated chemically into the crystal, for the purpose of giving it different electrical properties than the pure semiconductor crystal, which is called an intrinsic semiconductor.
Extrinsic properties are differentiated as being dependent on the presence of avoidable chemical contaminants or structural defects. [2] In biology, intrinsic effects originate from inside an organism or cell, such as an autoimmune disease or intrinsic immunity.
Doping of a pure silicon array. Silicon based intrinsic semiconductor becomes extrinsic when impurities such as boron and antimony are introduced.. In semiconductor production, doping is the intentional introduction of impurities into an intrinsic (undoped) semiconductor for the purpose of modulating its electrical, optical and structural properties.
The carrier density is important for semiconductors, where it is an important quantity for the process of chemical doping. Using band theory, the electron density, is number of electrons per unit volume in the conduction band. For holes, is the number of holes per unit volume in the valence band.
Electronic Properties of Doped Semiconductors. Solid-State Sciences. Vol. 45. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-662-02403-4. Harald Overhof; Peter Thomas (11 April 2006). Electronic Transport in Hydrogenated Amorphous Semiconductors. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics. Vol. 114. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-540-45948-4.
A semiconductor is a material that is between the conductor and insulator in ability to conduct electrical current. [1] In many cases their conducting properties may be altered in useful ways by introducing impurities ("doping") into the crystal structure.
Absorption is the active process in photodiodes, solar cells and other semiconductor photodetectors, while stimulated emission is the principle of operation in laser diodes. Besides light excitation, carriers in semiconductors can also be generated by an external electric field, for example in light-emitting diodes and transistors.
In semiconductor lasers, the carrier lifetime is the time it takes an electron before recombining via non-radiative processes in the laser cavity. In the frame of the rate equations model , carrier lifetime is used in the charge conservation equation as the time constant of the exponential decay of carriers.