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Differential dynamic programming (DDP) is an optimal control algorithm of the trajectory optimization class. The algorithm was introduced in 1966 by Mayne [1] and subsequently analysed in Jacobson and Mayne's eponymous book. [2] The algorithm uses locally-quadratic models of the dynamics and cost functions, and displays quadratic convergence ...
In September 2022, Meta announced that PyTorch would be governed by the independent PyTorch Foundation, a newly created subsidiary of the Linux Foundation. [ 24 ] PyTorch 2.0 was released on 15 March 2023, introducing TorchDynamo , a Python-level compiler that makes code run up to 2x faster, along with significant improvements in training and ...
Temporal difference (TD) learning refers to a class of model-free reinforcement learning methods which learn by bootstrapping from the current estimate of the value function. These methods sample from the environment, like Monte Carlo methods, and perform updates based on current estimates, like dynamic programming methods. [1]
Project Jupyter's name is a reference to the three core programming languages supported by Jupyter, which are Julia, Python and R. Its name and logo are an homage to Galileo's discovery of the moons of Jupiter, as documented in notebooks attributed to Galileo. Jupyter is financially sponsored by NumFOCUS. [1]
Anaconda is an open source [9] [10] data science and artificial intelligence distribution platform for Python and R programming languages.Developed by Anaconda, Inc., [11] an American company [1] founded in 2012, [11] the platform is used to develop and manage data science and AI projects. [9]
Upper case variables represent the entire sentence, and not just the current word. For example, H is a matrix of the encoder hidden state—one word per column. S, T: S, decoder hidden state; T, target word embedding. In the Pytorch Tutorial variant training phase, T alternates between 2 sources depending on the level of teacher forcing used. T ...
In model-free deep reinforcement learning algorithms, a policy (|) is learned without explicitly modeling the forward dynamics. A policy can be optimized to maximize returns by directly estimating the policy gradient [ 24 ] but suffers from high variance, making it impractical for use with function approximation in deep RL.
IPython continued to exist as a Python shell and kernel for Jupyter, but the notebook interface and other language-agnostic parts of IPython were moved under the Jupyter name. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Jupyter is language agnostic and its name is a reference to core programming languages supported by Jupyter, which are Julia , Python , and R .