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As an added measure, a protein skimmer is used to remove some of the dissolved organic compounds before they break down into ammonia, although skimmers do not remove ammonia from fish urea. The typical rule of thumb is to use from 1-2 lb (0.45 to 0.9 kg) of live rock per gallon (US) (3.7 liters) of aquarium water depending on the density of the ...
Marine aquarists commonly test the water in the aquarium for a variety of chemical indicators of water quality. These include: Specific gravity, a relative measure of water density, is normally maintained between 1.020 and 1.024 in aquariums with fish only, and 1.023 and 1.026 for aquariums containing invertebrates. [21]
The Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) is an international center for research and education in biological and environmental science. [1] Founded in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, in 1888, the MBL is a private, nonprofit institution that was independent for most of its history, but became officially affiliated with the University of Chicago on July 1, 2013.
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AP-1 complex subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP1B1 gene. [5] [6] [7]Adaptor protein complex 1 is found at the cytoplasmic face of coated vesicles located at the Golgi complex, where it mediates both the recruitment of clathrin to the membrane and the recognition of sorting signals within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane receptors.
The genome of VHSV is composed of approximately 11 kb of single stranded RNA, which contains six genes that are located along the genome in the 3′–5′ order: 3′-N-P-M-G-NV-L-5′, nucleocapsid protein (N), polymerase-associated phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), surface glycoprotein (G), a unique non-virion protein (NV), and virus polymerase (L).
Integrin alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA3 gene. [5] [6] ITGA3 is an integrin alpha subunit. Together with beta-1 subunit, it makes up half of the α3β1 integrin duplex that plays a role in neural migration and corticogenesis, acted upon by such factors as netrin-1 and reelin. ITGA3 encodes the integrin alpha 3 chain.
DNA topoisomerase 3-beta-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TOP3B gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase , an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription.