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The concepts of syn and anti addition are used to characterize the different reactions of organic chemistry by reflecting the stereochemistry of the products in a reaction. The type of addition that occurs depends on multiple different factors of a reaction, and is defined by the final orientation of the substituents on the parent molecule .
syn/anti peri/clinal. a torsion angle between 0° and ±90° is called syn (s) a torsion angle between ±90° and 180° is called anti (a) a torsion angle between 30° and 150° or between −30° and −150° is called clinal (c) a torsion angle between 0° and ±30° or ±150° and 180° is called periplanar (p)
Anti-periplanar geometry will put a bonding orbital and an anti-bonding orbital approximately parallel to each other, or syn-periplanar. Figure 6 is another representation of 2-chloro-2,3-dimethylbutane (Figure 5), showing the C–H bonding orbital, σ C–H, and the C–Cl anti-bonding orbital, σ* C–Cl, syn-periplanar.
Retrosynthetic analysis is a technique for solving problems in the planning of organic syntheses.This is achieved by transforming a target molecule into simpler precursor structures regardless of any potential reactivity/interaction with reagents.
The phase diagrams are shown in Figure 5. Tracking the x-intercepts in the phase diagram as r changes, there are two fixed point trajectories which intersect at the origin; this is the bifurcation point (intuitively, when the number of x-intercepts in the phase portrait changes). The left fixed point is always unstable, and the right one stable.
Chinua Achebe was born on 16 November 1930 and baptised Albert Chinụalụmọgụ Achebe. [ 1 ] [ a ] His father, Isaiah Okafo Achebe, was a teacher and evangelist, and his mother, Janet Anaenechi Iloegbunam, was the daughter of a blacksmith from Awka , [ 3 ] a leader among church women, and a vegetable farmer.
It's hailed as one of the greatest works of fiction to emerge from Africa. But Things Fall Apart was written in English, sparking debate about the colonisation of language.
The process has been automated since the late 1970s and can be used to form desired genetic sequences as well as for other uses in medicine and molecular biology. However, creating sequences chemically is impractical beyond 200-300 bases, and is an environmentally hazardous process.