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Surface-supplied divers may be more heavily weighted to facilitate underwater work, and may be unable to achieve neutral buoyancy, and rely on the diving stage, bell, umbilical, lifeline, shotline or jackstay for returning to the surface. Freedivers may also use weights to counteract buoyancy of a wetsuit.
Neutral buoyancy occurs when an object's average density is equal to the density of the fluid in which it is immersed, resulting in the buoyant force balancing the force of gravity that would otherwise cause the object to sink (if the body's density is greater than the density of the fluid in which it is immersed) or rise (if it is less). An ...
The total buoyancy loss of a wetsuit is proportional to the initial uncompressed volume. An average person has a surface area of about 2 m 2 , [ 14 ] so the uncompressed volume of a full one piece 6 mm thick wetsuit will be in the order of 1.75 x 0.006 = 0.0105 m 3 , or roughly 10 liters.
NAUI's alliance with the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory provides training materials, certification cards and collateral materials for their scuba program. NAUI is a member of the Universal Referral Program (URP), [ 69 ] a worldwide customer service program that allows instructors to refer their students for certification dives with either NAUI or ...
Buoyancy compensator, which is adjustably positive, and compensates for the combined effect of the other equipment. In keeping with the minimalist philosophy, buoyancy compensators should be only as large as is necessary to provide neutral buoyancy at any point in the dive, and should allow easy, confident and reliable dumping.
Underwater diving is practiced as part of an occupation, or for recreation, where the practitioner submerges below the surface of the water or other liquid for a period which may range between seconds to the order of a day at a time, either exposed to the ambient pressure or isolated by a pressure resistant suit, to interact with the underwater ...
Scuba divers with good trim and neutral buoyancy. The trim of a diver is the orientation of the body in the water, determined by posture and the distribution of weight and volume along the body and equipment, as well as by any other forces acting on the diver. Both static trim and its stability affect the convenience and safety of the diver ...
Use of a buoyancy compensator with sufficient volume to compensate for the suit buoyancy loss. [47] Use of a lifeline with a surface tender. Sufficient ballast weight ditchable to recover neutral buoyancy at depth. Use of a DSMB or surface marker buoy with sufficient volume to compensate for loss of buoyancy. [9] Drysuit blow-up [46]