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In Organic chemistry, the inductive effect in a molecule is a local change in the electron density due to electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups elsewhere in the molecule, resulting in a permanent dipole in a bond. [1] It is present in a σ (sigma) bond, unlike the electromeric effect which is present in a π (pi) bond.
Mutually coupled inductors can equivalently be represented by a T-circuit of inductors as shown. If the coupling is strong and the inductors are of unequal values then the series inductor on the step-down side may take on a negative value. [32] This can be analyzed as a two port network.
The henry (symbol: H) is the unit of electrical inductance in the International System of Units (SI). [1] If a current of 1 ampere flowing through a coil produces flux linkage of 1 weber turn, that coil has a self-inductance of 1 henry. The unit is named after Joseph Henry (1797–1878), the American scientist who discovered electromagnetic induction independently of and at about the same ...
For sinusoids, as the voltage across the inductor goes to its maximum value, the current goes to zero, and as the voltage across the inductor goes to zero, the current through it goes to its maximum value. If an inductor is connected to a direct current source with value I via a resistance R (at least the DCR of the inductor), and then the ...
From comparing the E s values for methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and tert-butyl, it is seen that the value increases with increasing steric bulk. However, because context will have an effect on steric interactions [7] some E s values can be larger or smaller than expected. For example, the value for phenyl is much larger than that for tert-butyl.
An easy way to deal with these inherent inductances in circuit analysis is by using a lumped element model to express each physical component as a combination of an ideal component and a small inductor in series, the inductor having a value equal to the inductance present in the non-ideal, physical device.
Negative reactances (below) can also be created, so feedback circuits can be used to create "active" linear circuit elements, resistors, capacitors, and inductors, with negative values. [37] [46] They are widely used in active filters [42] [50] because they can create transfer functions that cannot be realized with positive circuit elements. [111]
Once this is determined, all one needs to do is take the total value of Δ f H, subtract the Δ f H caused by the C−(C) 2 (H) 2 group(s), and then divide that number by two (due to two C−(C)(H) 3 groups), obtaining the value of the C−(C)(H) 3 group. From the knowledge of these two groups, Benson moved forward obtain and list functional ...