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The Himalayas, or Himalaya (/ ˌ h ɪ m ə ˈ l eɪ. ə, h ɪ ˈ m ɑː l ə j ə / HIM-ə-LAY-ə, hih-MAH-lə-yə) [b] is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the Earth's highest peaks, including the highest, Mount Everest.
A large number of small and usually seasonal rivers flow through the Terai, most of which originate in the Sivalik Hills. The soil in the Terai is alluvial and fine to medium textured. Forest cover in the Terai and hill areas has decreased at an annual rate of 1.3% between 1978 and 1979, and 2.3% between 1990 and 1991. [2]
The major peaks (not mountains) above 7,500 m (24,600 ft) height in Himalayas, rank identified in Himalayas alone (not the world). [1] The map may help give context to List of Himalayan peaks and passes with more detail and zooming on click through. Legend：
Bhabar is the gently-sloping coarse alluvial zone below the Sivalik Hills (outermost foothills of the Himalayas) where streams disappear into permeable sediments. The underground water level is deep in this region, then rises to the surface in the Terai below where coarse alluvium gives way to less permeable silt and clay .
Sivalik Hills along the Himalayas in the Indian subcontinent; Catalina Foothills near Tucson, Arizona, USA; Margalla hills near the Himalayas in Pakistan; The Duars, Chos and Terai on the foothills of Himalayas (India) The foothills around Boise in Idaho, USA; The foothills of the Dandenong Ranges in Melbourne, Australia.
The Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands is a narrow lowland ecoregion at the base of the Himalayas, about 25 km (16 mi) wide, and a continuation of the Indo-Gangetic Plain in India, Nepal and Bhutan. It is colloquially called Terai in the Ganges Basin east to Nepal, then Dooars in West Bengal , Bhutan and Assam east to the Brahmaputra River .
Lower Himalayan Range in Tansen, Nepal with the Great Himalayas in the background. The Lower Himalayan Range, also called the Lesser Himalayas or Himachal, is one of the four parallel sub-ranges of the Himalayas. [1] [2] It has the Great Himalayas to the north and the Sivalik Hills to the south.
The Indo-Gangetic Plain represents a recent, active foreland basin which comprises alluvial sediments derived from the Himalaya. [10] The Sub-Himalayan Sequence mainly represents sediments deposited in the foreland basin during Miocene time. The Lesser Himalayan Sequence is a unit emplaced before the mountain-building processes. [3]