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Modern zoned-earth embankments employ filter and drain zones to collect and remove seep water and preserve the integrity of the downstream shell zone. An outdated method of zoned earth dam construction used a hydraulic fill to produce a watertight core. Rolled-earth dams may also employ a watertight facing or core in the manner of a rock-fill dam.
The following table lists the largest man-made dams by volume of fill/structure. By general definition, a dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams, hence tailings dams are relegated to a separate list.
The construction of the canal head works began in March 1948, and was completed a year later. Designed as a zoned earth embankment structure with an impervious central core, a semi-pervious layer on either side of the core, and a layer of rock fill. The semi-pervious layer was built in 1 foot (0.30 m) layers and compacted.
The New Waddell Dam is 300 ft (91 m) high from the riverbed and 440 feet (130 m) high from its bedrock foundation. It is a zoned earth-fill type and is 4,700 ft (1,433 m) long; containing 16,200,000 cu yd (12,385,789 m 3) of material. The dam has a crest width of 35 feet (11 m) and a base width of 1,514 feet (461 m). [4]
Name State(s) Height Type River Coordinates Built ft m; Oroville Dam [1] CA 770.5 234.8 Embankment Feather River: 1968 Hoover Dam [2] AZ NV 726 221 Arch-gravity dam
The average base width of the embankment is variously 1,800 m, [10] 800 m from Google Earth and 660 m. [7] So whereas one report [10] gives an embankment volume of 720×10 6 m 3, calculations based on the width of the embankment base from these three sources give embankment volumes of 660, 290 and 240×10 6 m 3 respectively. So there's some ...
The International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) defines a "large dam" as "A dam with a height of 15 m (49 ft) or greater from lowest foundation to crest or a dam between 5 m (16 ft) metres and 15 metres impounding more than 3 million cubic metres (2,400 acre⋅ft)". [50] "Major dams" are over 150 m (490 ft) in height. [51]
Embankment: Water supply: 30,800 6.8 × 10 9: 8.1 × 10 9: Blowering Dam: Blowering Reservoir: Snowy Mountains: Tumut River: Embankment: Flood mitigation Hydroelectricity Irrigation Water supply Conservation: 1,628,000 3.58 × 10 11: 4.30 × 10 11