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The glottis is defined as the true vocal folds and the space between them. It is composed of an intermembranous portion or anterior glottis, and an intercartilaginous portion or posterior glottis. The border between the anterior and posterior glottises is defined by an imaginary line drawn across the vocal fold at the tip of the vocal process ...
The human vocal cords are roughly 12 – 24 mm in length, and 3–5 mm thick. [9] Histologically, the human vocal cords are a laminated structure composed of five different layers. The vocalis muscle, main body of the vocal cords, is covered by the mucosa, which consists of the epithelium and the lamina propria. [10]
Vocal nodules are caused over time by repeated abuse of the vocal cords which results in soft, swollen spots on each vocal cord. [24] These spots develop into harder, callous-like growths called nodules. The longer the abuse occurs the larger and stiffer the nodules will become.
Vocal fold cysts can be differentiated from other vocal fold growths as they are usually unilateral. [3] The two types of vocal fold cysts (sub-epithelial and ligament cysts) can be differentiated by colour, size and location. [2] [14] (See section on Types of vocal cord cysts for more information.)
The posterior surface is triangular, smooth, concave, and gives attachment to the arytenoid muscle and transversus.. The antero-lateral surface is somewhat convex and rough. On it, near the apex of the cartilage, is a rounded elevation (colliculus) from which a ridge (crista arcuata) curves at first backward and then downward and forward to the vocal process.
A common symptom of laryngeal papillomatosis is a change in voice quality. More specifically, hoarseness is observed. [4] [5] As a consequence of the narrowing of the laryngeal or tracheal parts of the airway, shortness of breath, chronic cough and stridor (i.e. noisy breathing which can sound like a whistle or a snore), can be present.
Reinke's edema is the swelling of the vocal cords due to fluid collected within the Reinke's space. [2] First identified by the German anatomist Friedrich B. Reinke in 1895, the Reinke's space is a gelatinous layer of the vocal cord located underneath the outer cells of the vocal cord.
The rima glottidis is the narrowest part of larynx. It is longer (~23 mm) in males than in females (17–18 mm). [1]The rima glottidis is an aperture between the two true vocal cords anteriorly, and the bases and vocal process of the two arytenoid cartilages posteriorly.