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The Amsler grid showing the visual perception of the left eye of a person experiencing metamorphopsia (straight lines appear bent or curved) [1] [2]. Metamorphopsia (from Ancient Greek: μεταμορφοψία, metamorphopsia, 'seeing mutated shapes') is a type of distorted vision in which a grid of straight lines appears wavy or partially blank.
The experience of eye strain when reading in dim light has given rise to the common misconception that such an activity causes permanent eye damage. [3] When concentrating on a visually intense task, such as continuously focusing on a book or computer monitor, the ciliary muscles and the extraocular muscles are strained. This causes discomfort ...
The goal of strabismus surgery is to correct misalignment of the eyes. This is achieved by loosening or tightening the extraocular muscles in order to weaken or strengthen them, respectively. [1] There are two main types of extraocular muscles - rectus muscles and oblique muscles - which have specific procedures to achieve the desired results. [4]
Ocular ischemic syndrome is the constellation of ocular signs and symptoms secondary to severe, chronic arterial hypoperfusion to the eye. [1] Amaurosis fugax is a form of acute vision loss caused by reduced blood flow to the eye; it may be a warning sign of an impending stroke, as both stroke and retinal artery occlusion can be caused by thromboembolism due to atherosclerosis elsewhere in the ...
Anisometropia causes some people to have mild vision problems, or occasionally more serious symptoms like alternating vision or frequent squinting. However, since most people do not show any clear symptoms, the condition usually is found during a routine eye exam. [8] For early detection in preverbal children, photoscreening can be used.
Layers of the eye, with the choroid labelled. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the creation of new blood vessels in the choroid layer of the eye.Choroidal neovascularization is a common cause of neovascular degenerative maculopathy (i.e. 'wet' macular degeneration) [1] commonly exacerbated by extreme myopia, malignant myopic degeneration, or age-related developments.
The resulting loose, excess conjunctiva may mechanically irritate the eye and disrupt the tear film and its outflow, leading to dry eye and excess tearing. [2] A correlation may also exist between inflammation in the eye and conjunctivochalasis, though it is unclear whether this correlation is causal.
The main first-line therapy is periodic injections of botulinum toxin type A to induce localized, partial paralysis of the eyelid muscles. [ 46 ] [ 47 ] Injections are generally administered at intervals of around 10 weeks, with variations based on patient response and usually give fairly quick relief from the muscle spasms.