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Central apnea is quite common and can be found in healthy, full-term infants for short periods of time before breathing patterns in the infant stabilize. [4] In premature infants, central apnea is attributed to an underdeveloped respiratory system which results in decreased response to higher carbon dioxide levels and difficulty breathing. [1]
Obstructive apnea may occur when the infant's neck is hyperflexed or conversely, hyperextended. It may also occur due to low pharyngeal muscle tone or to inflammation of the soft tissues, which can block the flow of air though the pharynx and vocal cords. [1] Central apnea occurs when there is a lack of respiratory effort.
By definition, the episode must have resolved by the time the infant is evaluated by a medical professional. The caregiver may report observation of bluish skin discoloration, called cyanosis. Breathing abnormalities, such as lack of breathing, slow breathing, or irregular breathing may be noted.
Transient tachypnea of the newborn is a respiratory problem that can be seen in the newborn shortly after delivery. It is caused by retained fetal lung fluid due to impaired clearance mechanisms. [1] It is the most common cause of respiratory distress in term neonates.
Untreated sleep apnea can lead to serious health conditions. Moderate to severe sleep apnea can increase your risk of: High blood pressure. Heart failure. Cardiovascular disease. Stroke. Fatty ...
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also known as surfactant deficiency disorder (SDD), [2] and previously called hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a syndrome in premature infants caused by developmental insufficiency of pulmonary surfactant production and structural immaturity in the lungs.
Apnea (also spelled apnoea in British English) [1] is the temporary cessation of breathing. During apnea, there is no movement of the muscles of inhalation , [ citation needed ] and the volume of the lungs initially remains unchanged.
Untreated sleep apnea can lead to serious health conditions. Moderate to severe sleep apnea can increase your risk of: High blood pressure. Heart failure. Cardiovascular disease. Stroke. Fatty ...