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Tempered or toughened glass is a type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the interior into tension .
Wired glass is used in the US for its fire-resistant abilities, and is well-rated to withstand both heat and hose streams. This is why wired glass exclusively is used on service elevators to prevent fire ingress to the shaft, and also why it is commonly found in institutional settings which are often well-protected and partitioned against fire.
Unless stated otherwise, the properties of fused silica (quartz glass) and germania glass are derived from the SciGlass glass database by forming the arithmetic mean of all the experimental values from different authors (in general more than 10 independent sources for quartz glass and T g of germanium oxide glass). The list is not exhaustive.
[2] [1] The chemical composition of the glass also impacts its tensile strength. [3] The processes of thermal and chemical toughening can increase the tensile strength of glass. [4] Glass has a compressive strength of 1,000 megapascals (150,000 psi). [5] [6]
Such glass is subjected to less thermal stress and can withstand temperature differentials without fracturing of about 165 °C (300 °F). [1] It is commonly used for the construction of reagent bottles and flasks, as well as lighting, electronics, and cookware. For many other applications, soda-lime glass is more common.
Increasing the concentration of the solute atoms will increase the yield strength of a material, but there is a limit to the amount of solute that can be added, and one should look at the phase diagram for the material and the alloy to make sure that a second phase is not created.
Precision glass moulding can be used to produce a large variety of optical form elements such as spheres, aspheres, free-form elements and array-structures. Concerning the curvature of the lens elements, the following statements can be drawn: Acceptable lens shapes are most bi-convex , plano-convex and mild meniscus shapes.
Heatable glass unit at work. The first heated glass was created in 1931 by Protes Glass Company, offered for cars. Their product was not a success. [3] Heated glass was first used on a wide scale in World War II in Naval Ships and on to aircraft windshields from frosting over in cold weather It is still used in both for this purpose.
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