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See Weight for detail of mass/weight distinction and conversion. Avoirdupois is a system of mass based on a pound of 16 ounces, while Troy weight is the system of mass where 12 troy ounces equals one troy pound. The symbol g 0 is used to denote standard gravity in order to avoid confusion with the (upright) g symbol for gram.
The weights are in denominations of 7 pounds (corresponding to a unit known as the clip or wool-clip), 14 pounds (stone), 56 pounds (4 stone) and 91 pounds (1 ⁄ 4 sack or woolsack). [ 17 ] [ 18 ] The 91-pound weight is thought to have been commissioned by Edward III in conjunction with the statute of 1350, while the other weights are thought ...
Mass of one mole (6.02214 × 10 23 atoms) of carbon-12 (12 grams) 1.37 × 10 −2 kg Amount of ethanol defined as one standard drink in the U.S. (13.7 grams) [66] 2–4 × 10 −2 kg Adult mouse (Mus musculus, 20–40 grams) [67] 2.8 × 10 −2 kg Ounce (avoirdupois) (28.3495 grams) [59] 4.7 × 10 −2 kg Mass equivalent of the energy that is 1 ...
The Imperial gallon was based on the concept that an Imperial fluid ounce of water would have a mass of one Avoirdupois ounce, and indeed 1 g/cm 3 ≈ 1.00224129 ounces per Imperial fluid ounce = 10.0224129 pounds per Imperial gallon. The density of precious metals could conceivably be based on Troy ounces and pounds, a possible cause of confusion.
English-speaking countries also used a system of units of fluid measure, or in modern terminology volume units, based on the apothecaries' system. Originally, the terms and symbols used to describe the volume measurements of liquids were the same as or similar to those used to describe weight measurements of solids [33] (for example, the pound by weight and the fluid pint were both referred to ...
2 tablespoons = 1 fluid ounce fluid ounce: fl.oz. or oz. 1 ⁄ 8 cup 1 29.5735 2 fluid ounce = 1 wineglass wineglass‡ wgf. 1 ⁄ 4 cup 2 59.1471 2 wineglasses = 1 teacup gill‡ or teacup‡ tcf. 1 ⁄ 2 cup 4 118.294 2 teacups = 1 cup cup: C 1 ⁄ 2 pint 8 236.588 2 cups = 1 pint pint: pt. 1 ⁄ 2 qt 16 473.176 2 pints = 1 quart quart: qt. 1 ...
Conversion and its related terms yield and selectivity are important terms in chemical reaction engineering.They are described as ratios of how much of a reactant has reacted (X — conversion, normally between zero and one), how much of a desired product was formed (Y — yield, normally also between zero and one) and how much desired product was formed in ratio to the undesired product(s) (S ...
Stoichiometry is not only used to balance chemical equations but also used in conversions, i.e., converting from grams to moles using molar mass as the conversion factor, or from grams to milliliters using density. For example, to find the amount of NaCl (sodium chloride) in 2.00 g, one would do the following: