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Pelargonic acid morpholide (MPK) is widely used as a self-defense chemical agent spray in Russia, though its effectiveness compared to natural pepper spray is unclear. [ citation needed ] In China , Ministry of Public Security police units and security guards use tear gas ejectors with OC, CS or CN gases.
A chemical weapon agent (CWA), or chemical warfare agent, is a chemical substance whose toxic properties are meant to kill, injure or incapacitate human beings.About 70 different chemicals have been used or stockpiled as chemical weapon agents during the 20th century, although the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) has an online database listing 35,942 chemicals which ...
Incapacitating agent is a chemical or biological agent which renders a person unable to harm themselves or others, regardless of consciousness. [ 1 ] Lethal agents are primarily intended to kill, but incapacitating agents can also kill if administered in a potent enough dose, or in certain scenarios.
A pulmonary agent, or choking agent, is a chemical weapon agent designed to impede a victim's ability to breathe. Such compounds operate by causing a build-up of fluids in the lungs, which then leads to asphyxiation. Exposure of the eyes and skin tends to be corrosive, causing blurred vision and severe deep burns.
Tear gas in use in France 2007 Exploded tear gas canister in the air in Greece. Tear gas, also known as a lachrymatory agent or lachrymator (from Latin lacrima 'tear'), sometimes colloquially known as "mace" after the early commercial self-defense spray, is a chemical weapon that stimulates the nerves of the lacrimal gland in the eye to produce tears.
According to Konstantin Anokhin, professor at the Institute of Normal Physiology in Moscow, BZ was the chemical agent used to incapacitate terrorists during the 2002 Nord-Ost siege, but at least 115 hostages perished due to overdose; [18] but many other agents have also been proposed, and none definitively confirmed.
Despite this, EA-3990 is claimed to be about three times more toxic than VX (another nerve agent). [1] For VX, the median lethal dose (LD 50 ) for 70 kg men via exposure to the skin is estimated to be 10 mg, and the lethal concentration time (LCt 50 ), measuring the concentration of the vapor per length of time exposed, is estimated to be 30 ...
A-230 is an organophosphate nerve agent. It was developed in the Soviet Union under the FOLIANT program and is one of the group of compounds referred to as Novichok agents that were revealed by Vil Mirzayanov. A-230 is possibly the most potent nerve agent for which specific toxicity figures have been published, with a human lethal dose ...