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Major factors influencing cardiac output – heart rate and stroke volume, both of which are variable. [1]In cardiac physiology, cardiac output (CO), also known as heart output and often denoted by the symbols , ˙, or ˙, [2] is the volumetric flow rate of the heart's pumping output: that is, the volume of blood being pumped by a single ventricle of the heart, per unit time (usually measured ...
The Karvonen method factors in resting heart rate (HR rest) to calculate target heart rate (THR), using a range of 50–85% intensity: [54] THR = ((HR max − HR rest) × % intensity) + HR rest. Equivalently, THR = (HR reserve × % intensity) + HR rest. Example for someone with a HR max of 180 and a HR rest of 70 (and therefore a HR reserve of ...
Factors including stress, hormones, anxiety, medication, and physical activity also contribute to what may be considered a healthy resting heart rate for you.
Normal heart rate varies based on a person’s age, fitness and activity levels, temperature, caffeine, stress, and other risk factors (such as blood pressure, chronic diabetes, obesity, etc ...
The resting heart rate of a newborn can be 120 beats per minute (bpm) and this gradually decreases until maturity and then gradually increases again with age. The adult resting heart rate ranges from 60 to 100 bpm. Exercise and fitness levels, age and basal metabolic rate can all affect the heart rate. An athlete's heart rate can be lower than ...
Some drugs and medications affect heart rate, meaning you may have a lower maximum heart rate and target zone, says Dr. Steinbaum. “If you have a heart condition or take medication, ask your ...
3 Factors affecting afterload. 4 See also. 5 References. 6 Further reading. 7 External links. ... Cardiac output is the product of stroke volume and heart rate. [2]
2 Factors affecting venous return. 3 See also. 4 References. Toggle the table of contents. Venous return. ... Venous return is the rate of blood flow back to the heart.