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The brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea), also called strandwolf, [4] is a species of hyena found in Namibia, Botswana, western and southern Zimbabwe, [5] southern Mozambique and South Africa. [6] It is the only extant species in the genus Parahyaena .
The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), also known as the laughing hyena, [3] is a hyena species, currently classed as the sole extant member of the genus Crocuta, native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is listed as being of least concern by the IUCN due to its widespread range and large numbers estimated between 27,000 and 47,000 individuals. [1]
The European form was similar in appearance to modern populations, but was larger, being comparable in size to the brown hyena. [10] The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) diverged from the striped and brown hyena 10 million years ago. [11] Its direct ancestor was the Indian Crocuta sivalensis, which lived during the Villafranchian. [12]
Like most predators, hyena attacks tend to target women, children, and infirm men, though both species can and do attack healthy adult males on occasion. The spotted hyena is the more dangerous of the two species, being larger, more predatory, and more aggressive than the striped hyena. The brown hyena and aardwolf are not known to prey on humans.
Black-backed jackal pups are vulnerable to African wolf, [11] honey badger, spotted hyena and brown hyena. Adults have few natural predators, save for leopards and African wild dogs. [8] Though there are some reports that martial eagles prey on both juveniles and adults. [26] [27]
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The aardwolf (Proteles cristatus [3]) is an insectivorous hyaenid species, native to East and Southern Africa.Its name means "earth-wolf" in Afrikaans and Dutch. [4] [5] It is also called the maanhaar-jackal [6] [7] (Afrikaans for "mane-jackal"), termite-eating hyena [8] and civet hyena, based on its habit of secreting substances from its anal gland, a characteristic shared with the African civet.