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Mixture of nitric and acetic acids or nitric acid and acetic anhydride is commercially important in the production of RDX, as amines are destructed by sulfuric acid. Acetyl nitrate had also been used as a nitration agent. [14] [15] In the Wolffenstein–Böters reaction, benzene reacts with nitric acid and mercury(II) nitrate to give picric acid.
The nitronium ion, [NO 2] +, is the active reagent in aromatic nitration reactions. Since nitric acid has both acidic and basic properties, it can undergo an autoprotolysis reaction, similar to the self-ionization of water: 2 HNO 3 ⇌ [NO 2] + + NO − 3 + H 2 O
Free radical nitration of alkanes. [4] The reaction produces fragments from the parent alkane, creating a diverse mixture of products; for instance, nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane, and 2-nitropropane are produced by treating propane with nitric acid in the gas phase (e.g. 350–450 °C and 8–12 atm).
The Wolffenstein–Böters reaction is an organic reaction converting benzene to picric acid by a mixture of aqueous nitric acid and mercury(II) nitrate. [1] [2] [3]The reaction, which involves simultaneous nitration and oxidation, was first reported by the German chemists Richard Wolffenstein and Oskar Böters in 1906.
The yellow colour is due to xanthoproteic acid which is formed due to nitration of certain amino acids, most common examples being tyrosine and tryptophan. [1] This chemical reaction is a qualitative test, determining the presence or absence of proteins. Reaction of nitration of tyrosine as an example of the xanthoproteic reaction
The resultant nitric acid was then used as a source of nitrate (NO 3 −) in the reaction + + + which may take place in the presence of water or another proton acceptor. It was developed by Norwegian industrialist and scientist Kristian Birkeland along with his business partner Sam Eyde in 1903, [ 2 ] based on a method used by Henry Cavendish ...
Nitrolysis is a chemical reaction involving cleavage ("lysis") of a chemical bond concomitant with installation of a nitro group (NO 2). Typical reagents for effecting this conversion are nitric acid and acetyl nitrate. A commercially important nitrolysis reaction is the conversion of hexamine to nitramide.
Most commonly, "mixed acid" (nitric and sulfuric acids) are used, but in the 1980s production of the nitrocellulose with magnesium nitrate as a dehydrating agent was started in the US. [4] In laboratory, phosphoric acid and phosphorus pentoxide or acetic acid and its anhydride may be used for the same purpose, or the nitroxylation can be ...